In early December 2007, the island of Bali in Indonesia hosted the 13th Conference of the Parties (COP13) to the United National Framework Convention on Climate Change and the 3rd Conference of the Parties serving as a Meeting of the Parties (COP/MOP3) to the Kyoto Protocol. Attended by almost 11,000 participants and observers from across the globe, Bali marked the climax of a period of unparalleled international climate change summitry (Chasek, 2007). The decisions taken at COP13 have been variously hailed as a ‘major breakthrough’ (Egenhofer, 2007) and as an utter failure – ‘the mother of all no-deals’, to quote Sunita Narain (2008) and ‘even worse than the Kyoto Protocol’ according to George Monbiot (2007)
Ecological Development and Global Climate Change: A Cross-National Study of Kyoto Protocol Ratification
