Diplomasi Lingkungan Norwegia kepada Indonesia: Analisis Skema REDD+ tahun 2015-2020

Environmental issues have become a fairly important topic of discussion in the last few decades. These environmental issues have attracted a lot of attention from local to global levels. REDD + contains measures designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions due to deforestation and forest degradation in the presence of financial incentives. In environmental diplomacy between Indonesia and Norway, the REDD + scheme aims to reduce pollution levels according to targets and within a certain time period. In analyzing Norway's environmental policy and its involvement in global environmental cooperation, market-based environmental policy instruments can be used. In market-based environmental policy instruments there is a carbon trading mechanism to evaluate the REDD + mechanism in 2015-2020. REDD + implementation in Indonesia is carried out with the existence of a carbon market that uses a cap and trade mechanism, which results in the form of carbon credits that can be disbursed into financial incentives. The funds can be used to reduce deforestation and forest degradation, as well as for the conversion of peatlands in Indonesia.

Kunming Summit on the Convention on Biological Diversity and China’s Environmental Diplomacy

Beijing’s environmental diplomacy has gained growing momentum in recent years, reflecting China’s activism in a shifting global political and economic landscape. The upcoming 15th Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity in Kunming in southwestern China will be the first biodiversity-themed event Beijing will host since it signed up for global biodiversity governance in the early 1990s, offering another opportunity for Beijing to contribute its proposals and perspective to the global response to another slow-moving but deepening crisis. Despite the raised international expectations about the conference and the strategic action plan it is expected to produce, the focus of global biodiversity governance should be on delivering real results on existing pledges by addressing the major institutional shortcomings and building up national capabilities.

Part IX International Environmental Law in National/Regional Courts, Ch.62 China

This chapter investigates international environmental law (IEL) in the courts of China. It is noteworthy that the first international conference that the People's Republic of China (PRC) participated in after it was formally recognized by the United Nations (UN) in 1971, was the 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm). It is widely recognized that this conference brought environmental protection onto the Chinese government's radar and led to the promulgation of the Environmental Protection Law in 1979. Since then, China has signed or ratified nearly all multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) and is an active participant in global environmental diplomacy. However, Chinese courts do not play a significant role in interpreting or developing IEL. Even if environmental litigation were to flourish due to the steps taken to encourage environmental public interest litigation (EPIL), it is unlikely that IEL will feature prominently in the jurisprudence.

The Role Of Media In The United States Environmental Diplomacy: A Case Study Of Oil-Spill Disaster In Deepwater Horizon Film

The Deepwater Horizon Oil-Spill is the most disastrous environmental pollution event in America's history. The film Deepwater Horizon, which takes the title exactly matches the name of the incident, explains the backgrounds of the catastrophe. This film shows that the accident occurred due to the negligence of British Petroleum as a company that manages the Deepwater Horizon rig. To reveal the role of the film in United States environmental diplomacy, the researcher will use the Deepwater Horizon film as a case study and the concept of environmental diplomacy as a unit and research analysis tool. This study uses qualitative research methods with data collection techniques, such as literature surveys and observations. This research argues that media is an essential component that plays a role in environmental diplomacy.

The Role Of Media In The United States Environmental Diplomacy: A Case Study Of Oil-Spill Disaster In Deepwater Horizon Film

The Deepwater Horizon Oil-Spill is the most disastrous environmental pollution event in America's history. The film Deepwater Horizon, which takes the title exactly matches the name of the incident, explains the backgrounds of the catastrophe. This film shows that the accident occurred due to the negligence of British Petroleum as a company that manages the Deepwater Horizon rig. To reveal the role of the film in United States environmental diplomacy, the researcher will use the Deepwater Horizon film as a case study and the concept of environmental diplomacy as a unit and research analysis tool. This study uses qualitative research methods with data collection techniques, such as literature surveys and observations. This research argues that media is an essential component that plays a role in environmental diplomacy.

NEOLIBERAL GLOBALIZATION AS THE PROBLEM OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN THE REGIONS OF LATIN AMERICA

The actual questions of environmental safety in the context of ideas of global evolutionism taking into account modern tendencies. The ecological situation in the country demonstrates the processes of deterioration and waste of natural resources, energy and habitat, as well as critical conditions in the quality of life of the population. Researchers in political ecology structure allocated direction: mechanism of environmental decision-making society and its political, economic and intellectual elites; the formation of a way of life, economic activity and culture, depending on the environment; the formation of its own environment by society; interaction of different societies solving the problem of access to natural resources and their transformation into a public resource; creation of systems of activity, their organization, infrastructure and hierarchy; the consequences of using performance systems; modern global geopolitical and ecological-political situation. Political scientists have tried to highlight and approve a new part of knowledge - political ecology - with its own laws, patterns and conclusions. The authors express the hope that the continuation of the development of the scientific theme of political ecology will allow in discussions and disputes to develop a scientific apparatus that allows us to obtain knowledge at what point in global history we are, what is permissible and unlawful for us to do, where we should go. All those conclusions that undoubtedly affect the life of both an individual and social systems. The article examines the problems that Latin American researchers are studying: how states face environmental problems, how they understand these problems and what decisions they make. Thus, a collision state and political systems to environmental issues, evaluation of possible management decisions and their consequences, the scientific analysis of the consequences of such decisions in the competition state systems is the subject of the political ecology research. The conceptual apparatus of political ecology includes the following positions: biosphere wars, wars for the division and redistribution of biosphere resources. Unlike economic wars, wars of the rich, who has something to share and who does not think about survival, biospheric wars are waged extremely cruelly - for the complete capture of biosphere resources and the total destruction of their previous users; resources of the biosphere: air, water, soil, forests, subsoil, biological resources of various natural zones, the minimum necessary biodiversity for the comfortable existence of man as a biological and social species in the biosphere of planet Earth and developed outer space; environmental diplomacy - ways and methods of achieving control over biosphere resources by diplomatic means that are optimal for the development of the state; bioresource management - a system for making management decisions regarding the use and conservation of biosphere resources; biosphere restructuring is a change in the species and landscape diversity of the biosphere due to human activity. Key words: ecology, management, biosphere, landscape diversity, environmental diplomacy, the environmental problems of the state, democracy.

The 2017 Inter-American Court's Advisory Opinion: changing the paradigm for international environmental law in the Anthropocene

The state of our environment is continuously deteriorating, and the frame of the ‘Anthropocene’ calls for transformative laws that respond to the current socio-ecological crisis. Since environmental diplomacy has signally failed to respond to current challenges, courts are being confronted with crucial questions that fundamentally address whether existing legal tools are sufficient to ensure human survival. In 2017, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued a landmark Advisory Opinion that goes some way towards answering this question. The Advisory Opinion recognized extraterritorial jurisdiction for transboundary environmental harm; the autonomous right to a healthy environment; and State responsibility for environmental damage within and beyond the State's borders. This article analyzes the legal arguments constructed by the Court, assessing whether, and how, the Opinion changes paradigms of international environmental law.