Getting Down to Cases

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Arras ◽  
James Childress ◽  
Matthew Adams
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Stephen Toulmin ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter outlines and critically evaluates the “new casuistry” account of Albert Jonsen and Stephen Toulmin. It begins by explaining the core elements of casuistical analyses of this kind, such as the theoretical primacy they place on actual cases as opposed to principles. In doing so, it clarifies how the “new casuistry” differs from the method of casuistry pioneers in the Middle Ages who brought abstract and universal ethico-religious precepts to bear on particular moral situations. The chapter then outlines some advantages of the method before uncovering some of its problems. In particular, problems arise from trying to separate out which cases are morally significant, and there are concerns about casuistry’s handling of the issues of indeterminacy and consensus.

scholarly journals The Idea of Determinacy of the Supreme Government by Electoral Technologies in the European Medieval State Legal Tradition

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Viktor A. Kovalev ◽  
◽  
Konstantin E. Krylov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
The Core ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Middle Ages

The main theme of the article is investigation of the electoral culture in the European political and legal thought. Authors argue the ancient sources of this tradition tracing it from the three sources — Roman, German and Christian political thoughts. During the Middle Ages European legal concepts of the supreme power’s nature oscillated between hereditary and election as a foundation of the supreme power. Only on the edge of the Middle Ages and the Modern Era monarchy became strait hereditary. The idea of election did not disappear, remains the core ingridient of the image of power’s legitimacy.

Scripturalist and Traditionalist Theology

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binyamin Abrahamov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
The Core ◽  
Theological Schools ◽  
The Middle Ages

The chapter deals with two important approaches in Islamic theology, defining the terms that apply to these two trends and elucidating their main teachings. Scripturalist theology characterizes small groups in Islam which finally disappeared in the Middle Ages, however, leaving some traces on other theological schools. Contrary to the disappearance of the scripturalist theology, the traditionalist theology has remained the core of Islamic theology. It was a flexible theology that used both the Qurʾān and the Sunna and rational considerations. Through these two devices it challenged the rationalist theology and tried to refute both the rationalist methods and specific theological issues based on reason.

Medieval Departures

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-143
Author(s):  
Aaron Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Western World ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Western Front ◽  
The Middle Ages

Using John Dos Passos’s first novel, One Man’s Initiation: 1917, the chapter explains how facial prosthetics were complicit in the unravelling of the Christian concept of the soul. Drawing on the author’s time in France as a volunteer ambulance driver, the novel shows a clear preoccupation with faces—faces of soldiers with prosthetic noses and jaws to cover the ones blown off in battle as well as those donning hideous masks as protection from chemical warfare. Such preoccupation calls into larger question what really is at the core of human identity. As protagonist Martin Howe adjusts to the realities of war on the Western Front, his recognition of different faces aids him in understanding that America, by joining the conflict in 1917, has itself undergone an initiation, wherein the Platonic and Christian idealism that once guided the western world since the Middle Ages has given way to a soulless materialism.

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