Impact of the 4 Helix Model on the Sustainability of Tourism Social Entrepreneurships in Jalisco and Nayarit, Mexico

Given the uncertain outlook caused by COVID-19, it is important to carry out a review of the conditions in which the collective enterprises are influenced by the four helix model, specifically those dedicated to the sector most affected by the pandemic, tourism, for which raises the question: What have been the results of the four helix model in the social tourism entrepreneurships (STE) of Jalisco and Nayarit? In addition to: the participation of the actors of the four helix model has contributed to face the repercussions of COVID-19? The objective is to identify stakeholder input from the core elements of the four helix model and sustainability to the STEs during COVID-19. The methodology used was qualitative and involved the comparison of information from 12 key stakeholders from the government, social, academic and private sectors through Atlas.ti-8. Some results indicate that from the perception of the participants interviewed, the COVID-19 crisis has promoted innovation, support, and incentives among the four helixes, in which the STEs have benefited. As conclusions, the four helix model is functional to face the adversities of COVID-19 as long as there is planning within the entrepreneurships and the link with said model helix participants.

Entrepreneurial Parenting Through Spiritual Capital

This study aligns with the objectives of this volume, presenting cases reflecting social entrepreneurs' lived experiences, seeking understanding, and conveying learning from practitioners and their emergent approaches embedded in contextual realities. Adopting an interpretative approach, this chapter presents First Fruit Group (FFG) as an illustrative case derived from a broader study – highlighting various dimensions of entrepreneurial parenting identified as core elements in the nurturing process at FFG and manifested in the relationship between social entrepreneur and mentee. Evidently fundamental for FFG's growth, it extended strategic vision and raison d'être continuity in leadership succession, motivating new opportunity exploitation and sustaining the group's enterprising expansion.

How Many Shades Are There in Sustainable Finance?

In the last years, sustainable finance emerged as one of the most popular research topics all over the world. Inspired by the need to reconsider the role and contribution of finance for a more sustainable development and capitalism, sustainable finance encompasses a very broad set of terms and investment approaches that lead to a blurring of its boundaries and core elements. This chapter explores research on the field of sustainable finance by using a bibliometric approach and mapping its conceptual landscape and the related sub-themes. The chapter provides a better understanding of sustainable finance to researchers, organizations, and the society by clarifying the origin, concept, and boundaries of sustainable finance, and delineating comprehensive knowledge of the tools, approaches, and instruments useful for sustainable development in the financial world.

Social Network Analysis on Tourists’ Perceived Image of Tropical Forest Park: Implications for Niche Tourism

Tourists’ perceived image is the core of destination marketing. As an important niche tourist destination, the analysis of tourists’ perceived image of tropical forest parks has great value. This study takes the Yalong Bay Tropical Paradise Forest Park as a case site and collects a total of 1,44,022 words from online travel reviews on Ctrip.com via the Python web crawler technology. Firstly, through high-frequency word analysis, we identified 77 core elements and a total of five image themes, which are attraction image, emotional image, service facility image, crowd image, and activity image. Secondly, building on Net Draw analysis, a network structure diagram of the tourist’ perceived image of the Yalong Bay Tropical Paradise Forest Park is constructed. Finally, the overall network and individual network of tourists’ perceived image are analyzed. The results indicate that low overall network density is in possession of core and periphery. Guojianglong Cable Bridge, battery car, and glass path enjoy both high degree centrality and betweenness centrality. They also show significant advantages of structural holes. Therefore, they are on the top of the network. The academic and practical value of tourism image projection and development in tropical forest park is discussed.

Recent Advances of Nanostructured Materials for Photoelectrochemical Bioanalysis

Nowadays, the emerging photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioanalysis has drawn intensive interest due to its numerous merits. As one of its core elements, functional nanostructured materials play a crucial role during the construction of PEC biosensors, which can not only be employed as transducers but also act as signal probes. Although both chemical composition and morphology control of nanostructured materials contribute to the excellent analytical performance of PEC bioassay, surveys addressing nanostructures with different dimensionality have rarely been reported. In this review, according to classification based on dimensionality, zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional nanostructures used in PEC bioanalysis are evaluated, with an emphasis on the effect of morphology on the detection performances. Furthermore, using the illustration of recent works, related novel PEC biosensing patterns with promising applications are also discussed. Finally, the current challenges and some future perspectives in this field are addressed based on our opinions.

Towards an Integrated (and Possibly Pan-European?) Prima Facie Legitimacy Test: Merging the Rechtsgut Theory, the Offensività Principle, and the Harm Principle

The Anglo-American harm principle, and its European counterparts – the legal goods theory and the offensività principle – attempt to provide an answer to the question of which conducts can be prima facie legitimately criminalised. Despite the historical, conceptual, and practical differences between these criminalisation approaches, they share important elements, particularly from a functional and operational perspective. By merging the key aspects of these theories, this work elaborates an instrument to assess the prima facie legitimacy of criminalisation – the Integrated Legitimacy Test – that embeds their essential elements and further conceptualises them. The Test strives to overcome some of the criticisms directed against the Anglo-American and European theories by narrowly defining their core elements and linking them to empirical evidence. Moreover, its transnational nature makes it suitable to feed the criminalisation debate at the European Union level.

Corporate Social Responsibility of Islamic Banks: CSR website visibility, CSR initiatives, CSR strategy

Purpose: The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been widely known in the Islamic banking sector yet there is criticism and lack of trust which exists among stakeholdersDesign/Method/Approach: To reduce negative concern and to fill the gap in the literature, this research reinforces the integration of ethical and moral principles in the banking business.Findings: One of the integral and core elements of Islamic economics is ‘falah’; which focuses on wellness and the concept of reward in this world and hereafterOriginality/Values: To fulfil the needs of the ethical aspect of Islamic banks which leads to ‘falah’, this research has extracted the underlying theoretical issues of Islamic bank Corporate Social Responsibility (web visibility, initiatives, strategy). This research also determines the extent of CSR visibility in twelve leading Islamic banks’ corporate websites.

Cryo-EM Structures of Two Bacteriophage Portal Proteins Provide Insights for Antimicrobial Phage Engineering

Widespread antibiotic resistance has returned attention to bacteriophages as a means of managing bacterial pathogenesis. Synthetic biology approaches to engineer phages have demonstrated genomic editing to broaden natural host ranges, or to optimise microbicidal action. Gram positive pathogens cause serious pastoral animal and human infections that are especially lethal in newborns. Such pathogens are targeted by the obligate lytic phages of the Salasmaviridae and Guelinviridae families. These phages have relatively small ~20 kb linear protein-capped genomes and their compact organisation, relatively few structural elements, and broad host range, are appealing from a phage-engineering standpoint. In this study, we focus on portal proteins, which are core elements for the assembly of such tailed phages. The structures of dodecameric portal complexes from Salasmaviridae phage GA1, which targets Bacillus pumilus, and Guelinviridae phage phiCPV4 that infects Clostridium perfringens, were determined at resolutions of 3.3 Å and 2.9 Å, respectively. Both are found to closely resemble the related phi29 portal protein fold. However, the portal protein of phiCPV4 exhibits interesting differences in the clip domain. These structures provide new insights on structural diversity in Caudovirales portal proteins and will be essential for considerations in phage structural engineering.

The fundamental role of DELLA protein and regulatory mechanism during plant growth and development

Gibberellins (GAs) play a major role in a variety of key plant development processes, especially in promoting seed germination, stem and root growth, and fruit development. DELLA proteins are the core elements in GA signal transduction pathway, which exist in the plant nucleus and belong to the GRAS protein family. DELLA proteins negatively regulate the GA signaling pathway and biosynthesis, inhibiting plant growth. DELLA proteins can also interact with F-box, PIFS, ROS, SCLl3 and other proteins to enhance plant response to various adverse environmental influences such as drought, low and high temperature, heavy metal stresses. In addition, DELLA proteins can also partially regulate plant growth and development through interacting plant hormones such as ABA (abscisic acid), CK (cytokinin), ET (ethylene), BR (brassinosteroid) and JA (jasmine). This review summarized the basic characteristics of DELLA proteins, the transduction of hormone and environmental signals, as well as the regulation of plant growth and developments. DELLA proteins have broad application prospects in modern agricultural production in the future, but the molecular mechanism of DELLA proteins regulating plant growth and development are still unclear, and needs further study.

The contribution of business continuity management (BCM) to supply chain resilience: a qualitative study on the response to COVID-19 outbreak

PurposeThis paper investigates the relationships between the core elements of a BCM system and SCRES constituents, i.e. visibility, agility, flexibility, velocity and collaboration. An explorative multiple case studies methodology was adopted, consisting of organizations in the retail, manufacturing and humanitarian sectors that had to withstand the impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (January to June 2020).Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts an interpretative approach to understand organizational behavior through observations. The source of data comes from in-depth interviews as well as the scrutiny of available official documents for triangulation. The unit of analysis is the organizations internal supply chain with a specific focus on their BCM system and SCM arrangements.FindingsThis paper shows how core BCM practices have a direct impact on supply chain resilience constituents. Specifically practices such as establishing a crisis management committee and risk assessments boost constituents such as agility and flexibility. This advances the theoretical discussion on supply chain resilience, while providing practical examples for organizations to build a response to pandemic incidents.Originality/valueThis paper validates the contribution of business continuity management to supply chain resilience, a concept that has mainly been linked to practices such as risk management. In this regard, this paper enriches the discussion. Secondly, the analysis explains how specific BCM practices worked during the first wave of the pandemic and how they were implemented, providing a clear path for supply chain resilience.