Identity and Musical Development in People with Severe or Profound and Multiple Learning Difficulties

Author(s):  
Adam Ockelford ◽  
John Vorhaus
Author(s):  
Adam Ockelford

This chapter sets out a neuroscientific model to explain the exceptional musicianship that characterizes some children on the autism spectrum who have learning difficulties. The model builds on Gaver’s “ecological” interpretation of auditory processing using Ockelford’s “zygonic” theory. This attributes the perception of musical structure to the recognition of intentional repetition, and establishes a hierarchy of music-structural forms of differing complexity that are reflected ontogenetically in children’s musical understanding. The cognition of music is far less neurologically demanding than the processing of language, and is a developmental precursor. In some children on the autism spectrum, auditory development focuses on the perceptual qualities of sounds that in some cases leads to acquisition of “absolute pitch,” and a fascination for the repetitive patterns in sound. The children can process both language and everyday sounds as though they were music. This drives exceptional musical development, but at the cost of language and an appreciation of everyday sounds.


2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Ockelford

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to set out the current status of the Sounds of Intent project, and explains some of the theoretical thinking that has underpinned its development over a period of 12 years. Sounds of Intent maps the musical development of children and young people with learning difficulties. It currently exists as an online resource that offers practitioners a framework for assessment (with an online recording tool), information and downloadable resources. Design/methodology/approach – The approach to the development of Sounds of Intent has been through two main phases: first, exploratory, qualitative analysis was used to inform the development of a model setting out how musical abilities and engagement are thought to develop in children and young people with learning difficulties; and second, the framework’s efficacy has been evaluated through gathering data from a number of practitioners in the field that has been analysed principally through quantitative means. Findings – The principal findings of the Sounds of Intent project to date are that virtually all children (with the exception of those who are incapable of processing sound or vibration at all) are able to engage with music, whether reactively, proactively or interactively. The great majority have potential for musical development that can be realised over time, given an appropriately rich and engaging environment. Originality/value – Sounds of Intent is the first research project in the world to focus on the musical development of children and young people with learning difficulties, and makes the first attempt to set out how this may occur. Since its public launch in 2012, the Sounds of Intent web site has had over 4,000,000 unique hits, with over 500,000 downloads of resources, from people all over the world.


2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Troia

Abstract This article first provides an overview of components of self-regulation in writing and specific examples of each component are given. The remainder of the article addresses common reasons why struggling learners experience trouble with revising, followed by evidence-based practices to help students revise their papers more effectively.


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