Borders, Mobilities, and Governance in Transnational Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Staring ◽  
René van Swaaningen
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Reality Tv ◽  
Immigration Law ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Global Village ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Current State ◽  
Nation States

Despite the dominant notion that people are now allegedly living in the “era of globalization,” accompanied by rosy stories about a “global village,” borders have never lost their significance. On the contrary, the importance of borders has grown significantly under recent global and European crises. Not only have the number of borders increased, but borders also have become fluid as they moved outside national territories in order to protect countries, as well as political and economic unions, against the perceived threats of transnational organized crime, pandemics, unwanted migration, and terrorism. This externalization of borders through (financial) support and bilateral agreements with other countries led to a relocation of borders far beyond the geographical borders of nation states. In addition, borders have been renewed, reinforced, (temporarily) reactivated, and transformed. Specific attention is paid to some developments surrounding borders, including a responsibilization process on border control, in which governments increasingly stimulate or enforce private parties to take up responsibility in controlling their companies, and ultimately their borders, with respect to irregular migration and crime. Borders are also embodied in different kinds of measures and policies of nation-states that guard access of welfare state provisions, and through the merging of criminal law and immigration law (i.e., crimmigration). Finally, the “border industry” means business for construction, infrastructure, biometrics, and identity technology companies, as well as for security forces, research institutes, aid organizations, and human smugglers. The commodification of borders is an ongoing process as envisioned not only in popular culture as music, literature, reality TV and movies, but also in borders that have become important touristic attractions. The framing of borders through this commodification process as inevitable and as a necessity in turn expresses and legitimates current state agendas.

The Current State of Transnational Organized Crime -

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 797-802
Author(s):  
Vladimir Golubovskii ◽  
Mikhail Kostyuk ◽  
Elena Kunts
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Current State

scholarly journals The Paraguayan Military and the Struggle Against Organized Crime and Insecurity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
R Evan Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Special Forces ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Local Leader ◽  
Successful Resolution ◽  
Criminal Gang

In October 2018, Paraguayan security forces successfully foiled two attempts to free “Marcelo Piloto,” a local leader of the Brazilian criminal gang Comando Vermelho (CV) from Agrupación Especializada, a military prison in the capital Asuncion. The sophistication of the plots, which included a car bomb and assault rifles,[1] illustrates the evolution of the threat in Paraguay from transnational organized crime.  At the same time, the successful resolution of the attempts, including intervention by the Paraguayan police special forces organization FOPE, illustrates some progress by Paraguayan security forces in addressing the organized crime challenge. 

scholarly journals Taliban insurgency and transnational organized crime nexus

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ayub Mirdad
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Continuum Theory ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Illegal Mining ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Organized Crime Groups

Afghanistan has been demolished by more than three decades of the ongoing war since the war against the Soviet Union started in 1979. The Afghanistan-Pakistan region provides a geographically secure location and a space of opportunity for organized crime and terrorist groups. This paper aims at exploring the Taliban nexus with organized crime groups in Afghanistan and the region through Makarenko’s crime-terror continuum theory. The method of this study is qualitative through the descriptive-analytical approach. The growing connection between insurgents and organized crime poses essential challenges to the region. Each group has developed both criminal and terrorist elements while not relinquishing its original organizing principle. Afghanistan is a war-torn country and weak governance, terrorism, narcotics, illegal mining, poor border control, and widespread corruption provide the perfect opportunity for convergence of the Taliban with organized criminal and insurgent groups in the region. The Taliban and organized crime groups are involved in kidnapping for ransom, drug trade, extortion, and exploitation of natural resources. The finding indicates that, although the objectives of the insurgent and organized crime organizations differ widely, these enabling variables are also suitable for organized crime organizations. The primary objective of organized crime is to gain profit, and the objective of the insurgent is to contest the state power and promote political change through violence. The economic sources are the primary main reason why the two organizations converge.

Migration, Borders, and Identity in the Latin American Context

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Velasco Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Border Studies ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Identity Processes ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Global Connections ◽  
A Current

In concert with more localized analyses of border regions, the Border Studies field has contributed to our understanding of how mobility affects identity. The distinction between cultural and identification boundaries has proved relevant for analyzing the identity processes that arise in border interactions typically marked by ambiguity and contradiction. However, the current migratory context is defined by dehumanizing social and political inequalities. This poses a conceptual challenge to understanding the subjectivities produced by the current policies of border control that dehumanize the immigrant and mobile person. This chapter reflects on the conceptual and empirical relationship between migration, borders, and identity in a current climate characterized by global connections and nation-states’ increasing border control over human mobility. It also analyzes the symbolic dimension of state border control and its consequences for constituting identities.

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