Telomerase Expression in Human Breast Cancer With and Without Lymph Node Metastases

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women (1). Metastasis is the major cause of death in patients diagnosed with cancer (2). Prognosis for patients with breast cancer worsens as the number of axillary lymph nodes with metastasis increases (3). We mined published microarray and mRNA quantitation datasets (4, 5) to discover genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes, an early event in breast cancer metastasis. We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding caveolin-1, CAV1, when comparing primary breast tumors to lymph node metastases from women diagnosed with breast cancer. Analysis of a separate microarray dataset (6) revealed that CAV1 was among the genes most differentially expressed when comparing primary tumors of the breast to adjacent normal breast tissue. Low expression of CAV1, in the upper but not lower survival quartile was associated with shorter recurrence-free and overall survival. CAV1 may be of relevance to processes underlying transformation or progression of the primary tumor in human breast cancer, as well as metastasis to the lymph nodes.

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The lipoma HMGIC fusion partner, LHFP, is differentially expressed in primary tumors and lymph node metastases in human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/fjdey ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Lymph Node Metastases ◽

Human Breast Cancer ◽

Microarray Dataset ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Human Breast ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Node Metastases

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women (1). Metastasis is the major cause of death in people diagnosed with cancer (2). Prognosis for patients with breast cancer worsens as the number of axillary lymph nodes with metastasis increases (3). We mined a published microarray dataset (4) to discover genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes, an early event in breast cancer metastasis. We found significant differential expression of the LHFP gene when comparing primary breast tumors to lymph node metastases from women diagnosed with breast cancer. Analysis of a separate microarray dataset (5) revealed that LHFP was among the genes most differentially expressed when comparing primary tumors of the breast to adjacent normal breast tissue. LHFP expression significantly correlated with median overall survival in patients with breast cancer. LHFP may be of relevance to processes underlying transformation or progression of the primary tumor in human breast cancer, as well as metastasis to the lymph nodes.

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APOBEC3A is differentially expressed in lymph node metastases in human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/ynjt3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Lymph Node Metastases ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Human Breast ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Node Metastases ◽

The Brain

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3A, APOBEC3A, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Analysis of a separate microarray dataset revealed that APOBEC3A was also differentially expressed in brain metastatic tissues. APOBEC3A mRNA was present at increased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of APOBEC3A in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient overall survival, more significantly in lymph node negative patients than in lymph node positive patients. Modulation of APOBEC3A expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer. APOBEC3A differential expression in lymph node metastatic tissues raises the question of why a human papillomavirus restriction factor (6, 7) is up-regulated during metastatic progression in human breast cancer.

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