scholarly journals Corn Rootworm Granular Insecticide Performance, No Till Vs Tilled, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-171
Author(s):  
Keith Jarvi ◽  
Jerry Echtenkamp ◽  
John Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Silty Clay ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Test Plot ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
No Till ◽  
State 1

Abstract The test plot was planted on 4 May. Banded (7 inch) and in-furrow planting time treatments were applied with a cone-belt distributer mounted on a John Deere Maxemerge equipped with incorporation tines. The seeding rate was 18,000 seeds/acre on 30 inch rows. Soil type was silty clay loam (OM > 3%, pH 6.5). Previous crop was late planted corn planted as a trap crop. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications, each treatment a single row 50 ft long. One-half of each treatment block was double disked (tilled) prior to planting (10 to 20% residue cover remaining). The other half was undisturbed (no till) (70-80% residue cover remaining). Treatments were randomized within each one-half block. Preplant anhydrous ammonia was applied at the rate of 90 lb per acre prior to planting. Five randomly selected roots from each replication were rated on the Iowa State 1-6 scale (1, no damage; 6, 3 or more nodes pruned to within Wi inch of the stalk). Twenty roots were rated for each treatment. The roots were dug and rated on 15 Jul. Soil moisture was adequate at planting. Rainfall was adequate through rating time.

scholarly journals Corn Rootworm Insecticide Screening, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-221
Author(s):  
Keith Jarvi ◽  
Gerald W. Echtenkamp ◽  
John Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Field Capacity ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
State 1 ◽  
Bicycle Wheel

Abstract The test plots were planted on 17 May. Seven inch banded (P/TB) and infurrow (P/TF) planting time treatments were applied with a cone-belt distributer mounted on a John Deere Maxemerge equipped with incorporation tines. Cultivation treatments (C/TB) were applied over the row on 22 Jun with the cone-belt distributer mounted on a hand-powered bicycle wheel applicator. The entire plot was cultivated immediately after application of the 22 Jun treatments by a tractor mounted cultivator. The seeding rate was 19,000 seeds/ acre on 30 inch rows. Soil type was silt loam (OM >3%, pH 6.5). Previous crop was late planted corn planted as a trap crop. The field was disked twice prior to planting. Preplant anhydrous ammonia was applied at the rate of 80 lb per acre prior to planting. Approximately 20% corn stalk residue was remaining after field preparation. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications, each treatment a single row 47 ft long. Five randomly selected roots from each replication were rated on the Iowa State 1-6 scale (1, no damage; 6, 3 or more nodes pruned to within 1/2 inch of the stalk). The roots were dug and rated on 24, 25, and 26 Jul. Topsoil and subsoil moisture was at field capacity at planting time.

Sulfentrazone sorption, desorption, and mineralization in soils from two tillage systems

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna N. Reddy ◽  
Martin A. Locke
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Kinetics ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
No Till ◽  
Loam Soil

Sulfentrazone sorption kinetics, desorption, and mineralization were evaluated in surface 7.5 cm of soils collected from long-term conventional-till (CT) and no-till (NT) plots. The soils used were Miami silt loam and Drummer silty clay loam from Illinois and Dundee silt loam from Mississippi. Sulfentrazone sorption kinetics in Dundee silt loam CT and NT soils were adequately described by a simple two-site equilibrium/kinetic model. Rapid initial sorption (within 1 h) was followed by a slower sorption and equilibrium, largely achieved by 72 h of shaking, with a negligible increase in sorption thereafter. The sorptionKfranged from 1.02 to 3.44 among the six CT and NT soils. TheKfvalues were greater for NT compared to their respective CT soils. Overall,Kfvalues were higher in Drummer silty clay loam followed by Dundee silt loam and Miami silt loam soil. TheNvalues were less than unity in all soils indicating nonlinear sorption. Sulfentrazone desorption was hysteretic with a very low rate of desorption. The total amount desorbed in four desorptions ranged from 58 to 72% of that sorbed. Less than 2.1% of applied14C-sulfentrazone was mineralized to14CO2 in Dundee silt loam CT and NT soils during a 77–d incubation. Relatively low mineralization of sulfentrazone suggests poor adaptability of native microbial populations that have not been exposed to this herbicide. Higher sorption and lower desorption of sulfentrazone in NT soils compared to CT soils suggest that NT systems (which tend to increase plant residues) may prolong sulfentrazone residence time in soil.

scholarly journals Corn Rootworm Larval Control in Iowa, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-200
Author(s):  
J. D. Oleson ◽  
J. J. McNutt ◽  
A. R. Warshaw ◽  
J. J. Tollefson
Keyword(s):  
Row Spacing ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Root Protection ◽  
Yield Trials

Abstract Rootworm planting-time, soil-insecticide test plots were established at 6 locations in 1993. Soil types were: Ames and Rhodes, silty clay loam; Nashua, loam; Newell and Waukee, clay loam; and Sutherland, silty clay. All plots were planted on areas that had been planted to trap crop (late-planted corn, heavy stand) the previous year. A RCB design, with 4 replications for the root-protection trials (registered and numbered products) and 8 replications for the yield trials (registered and EUP products) was used. All treatments were applied to single 50-ft length rows with 30-inch row spacing. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble metering units mounted on a 4-row John Deere 7100 planter. Planting-time liquid formulations were applied with a compressed-air delivery system built directly into the planter; 8003E nozzles delivered 10 gpa at 23 psi. Chemical phytotoxicity was checked in early Jun by taking stand counts from 1/1000 acre and measuring extended leaf heights on 10 consecutive plants. Rootworm larval feeding was evaluated in late Jul and Aug by digging 5 roots from each treatment row and rating them on the Iowa 1-6 scale (1 equal to no damage or only a few minor feeding scars, and a 6 rating equal to 3 or more nodes of roots completely destroyed). Lodging counts were taken at harvest time. A plant was considered lodged if the angle between the base of the plant and the ground was 45° or less. Stand counts were taken in the yield plots at harvest time. Yields were measured by hand harvesting 1/1000 acre from each treatment. To determine treatment differences, data were analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated with Ryan’s Q test (REGWQ).

Effect The Treatments of Biofertilizer and Mineral Fertilizer on Content of N P K of Soil Cultivated With Crop Corn (Zea Mays L).

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Mohammed Aajmi Salman ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Fall Season ◽  
Loam Soil

Beneficial microorganisms play a key role in the availability of ions minerals in the soil and use Randomized Complete Block Desing ( R.C.B.D ). The objective of this paper to the study effect of the of biofertilizer and miniral treatments on availability of NPK for crop corn zea mays L.Two types of biofertilizer are Bacterial Bacillus subtilis and Fungal Trichoderma harianum. Three levels of potassium fertilizer are (2.9533, 0.4000 and 2.9533). A field experiment in fall season of 2018 Has been conducted in silty clay loam soil. The experimental Results indicated that Bacillus and Trichoderma inoculation separately or together Have made a significant effect to increase in the availability of N P K in the soil compare to other treatments. The grain yield is where (2.9533, 0.4000 and 2.9533) of bacterial and fungal bio-fertilizer and potassium fertilizers respectively as compared to the control.

scholarly journals Soil quality of the tea and apple-growing sites in Mindat District, Chin state, Myanmar: A preliminary study

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Yaung Kwee ◽  
Khin Soe
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Very High ◽  
Physicochemical Properties Of Soils

In this study, two sites from tea and apple growing sites were collected from Pyay village and Nine Mile village, Mindat district, Chin state of West Myanmar under a humid subtropical climate. The results of physicochemical properties of observed soils were neutral pH, favorable moisture, silty clay loam texture, very high content of organic carbon, organic matter and total nitrogen. However, the tea growing soil was very poor in phosphorus and potassium content. Moreover, both soils lack of available potassium. The content of heavy metals in both soils was not varied from each other and followed the order: Fe (iron) > Cu (copper) >Zn (zinc) > Pb (lead) > Cr (chromium) and was below the maximum allowed concentrations (MAC). Therefore, the studied soils are generally favorable for cultivation under the condition of application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. However, due to the regular application of fertilizers and pesticides, it is necessary to monitor these soils for PTE levels. Further research is recommended, which must include analyses of the physicochemical properties of soils to a two depths of 0-30 and 30-60 cm, especially for the area where fruit plants are grown. In addition, higher density of soil samples and sub-samples are necessary to produce a reliable dataset that will allow proper statistical analysis.

scholarly journals Role of Organic Acids on Phosphorus Fractions in Silty Clay Loam Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Abdulmahdi S.ALansari ◽  
Muhammad M.Yassin ◽  
Mahdi W.Seheib
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Fertilized Soil

This study was conducted to evaluation the role of the organic acids in the phosphorus fractions in silty clay loam texture. The laboratoryexperiment was conducted by adding the organic acids (Humic acid ,Citric acid ,Oxalic acid , Malic acid ,Acetic acid and Lactic acid )to the fertilized soil with conc. super phosphate fertilizer with 100 kg h-1 level with concentrations (0,15,30,45 and60)mg L-1,except Humic acid (500,1000,1500 and 2000) mg L-1.The soil was incubated at 30 C for 14,28,42,56 and 70 days period and the keep of field capacity about of incubation period during the daily weight.Amount of available ,mineral ,organic and total phosphorus after each incubated period were measured. The results showed that theaddition of organic acids of Humic acid ,Citric acid ,Oxalic acid and Malic acid were caused to increaseamount of available ,mineral ,organic and constant of total phosphorus in fertilized soil with conc. super phosphate fertilizer and increased its amount with increasing of organic acid concentration and better of Humic acid 2000mg L-1 significanton all the treatments .The results of the study that theaddition of organic acids were caused to increase amount of available and mineral phosphorus with increasing of incubation period and constant amount of total phosphorus and decreasing of organic phosphorus amount and available for only soil and only fertilizer treatment during increasing of incubation period .The organic acids can be arranged according to its ability toincrease the availabilityof the phosphorus as follow :

Aggregate slaking during rapid wetting: Hydrophobicity and pore occlusion

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafida Zaher ◽  
Jean Caron
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water Entry ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Wetting Front ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Loam Soil

The slaking process after rapid wetting is a key factor controlling soil structural stability in dry soil, and an understanding of the relative importance of the different mechanisms involved in slaking may help in the design of management strategies aimed at maintaining a stable surface soil structure. Slaking has been linked to, among other factors, rapid pressure build-up in aggregate, and previous work has emphasized the role of organic matter to hamper that pressure build-up, possibly due to hydrophobicity, reducing rapid water entry within aggregates and hence the build-up. This study emphasizes this latter aspect linked to slaking. The evolution of the intra-aggregate pressure, the matter lost by slaking and the expelled air after rapid wetting of two soils of different textures (clay loam soil and silty-clay loam soil) amended with different types of paper sludge were studied. Hydrophobicity effects were also studied using a tensio-active solution. The results of these experiments showed that when aggregates were submitted to sudden wetting, those treated with paper sludge had an improved resistance to the destructive action of rapid wetting. The lower pressures measured in the aggregates from the amended soils and having less slaking resulted most likely from slow water entry and reduced swelling. Detailed investigation on the link between hydrophobicity and water entry revealed that the true hydrophobic effect (modification of contact angle) was non-existent for the silty-clay loam and minor for the clay loam. This study, rather, suggests that changes in the water potential at the wetting front following organic matter addition and aggregate immersion most likely depend on pore occlusion and on changes in pore surface roughness. Key words: Aggregate stability, organic matter, slaking, pressure, swelling, wettability

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