phosphorus and potassium
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2022 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 104265
Author(s):  
Dandan Gao ◽  
Rong Sheng ◽  
Benjamin Moreira-Grez ◽  
Shuguang Liu ◽  
Risheng Xu ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adama Sagnon ◽  
Shinya Iwasaki ◽  
Ezechiel Bionimian Tibiri ◽  
Nongma Armel Zongo ◽  
Emmanuel Compaore ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose The low availability of phosphorus (P) severely limits crop production in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated phosphate rock-enriched composts on soil properties and sorghum growth for use as environment-friendly fertilizers. Methods Treatments were sorghum straw, compost (Comp), Phosphate Rock (BPR), BPR-enriched compost (P-Comp), BPR-soil-enriched compost (P-Comp-Soil), nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK, 60-90-30), and control without phosphorus and organic material (CT). Sorgum straw and composts were applied at 1.34 tons ha-1. The amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in treatments, except in CT, were adjusted to 60, 90, 30 kg ha-1, with urea, BPR, and KCl, respectively. Sorghum vr. Kapelga was cultivated and soil samples were collected on days 52, 93, and 115 (harvest) for analysis. Results NPK and P-Comp-Soil provided the best sorghum yields. Soil available P was less in these treatments. P-Comp-Soil-amended soils recorded higher populations of bacteria (16S rRNA), acid phosphatase (aphA), phosphonatase (phnX), glucose dehydrogenase (gcd) and its cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqqE) genes. Phosphate-specific transporter (pstS) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) abundances were generally higher in P-Comp-Soil soils, especially at the early growth stage. This active microbial activity in the P-Comp-Soil added to its initially higher available P justified a better nutrient uptake and yields comparable to NPK. Multivariate analysis also revealed the contribution of nitrogen, carbon, and exchangeable cations in sorghum growth. Conclusion This study demonstrated that direct phosphate rock application is not effective in sub-Saharan African upland cultivation. Alternative to chemical fertilizers, soils may be amended with phosphate rock-enriched composts, a niche of beneficial microbes improving soil health.


2022 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
O. A. Shchuklina ◽  
R. A. Afanasiev

The article discusses a method for diagnosing nitrogen nutrition of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in different phases of the growing season using a photometric device (N-tester) Yara. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the Moscow region (Russia) on the Mikhailovsky spring barley variety on sod-podzolic medium loamy soils with a high and medium content of phosphorus and potassium and a low content of humus (1.9). The agrometeorological conditions of the growing season of spring barley were characterized by sharp fluctuations in air temperature and the amount of precipitation over decades of the month and in comparison with average long-term observations. Abundant and prolonged precipitation during the grain ripening phase led to lodging in most of the experiments, which affected the yield. To diagnose crops, a model experiment was laid with the introduction of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers into pre-sowing cultivation with a step of 30, at which the dose of nitrogen ranged from 30 to 150 kg/ha. Diagnostics was carried out in three phases of vegetation: tube emergence ((Z42), earing (Z55), milk ripeness of grain (Z73) with the Yara N-tester and with the help of stem diagnostics according to the modified method of V. Zerling. The results of photometric diagnostics in the stemming phase (Z42) have a strong correlation with the yield of spring barley grain and with the results of stem diagnostics (R = 0.85). Wherein, the N-tester readings in the earing phase (Z55) and milk ripeness of grain (Z73) with yield R = 0.23 and R = 0.17, respectively, have a weak correlation. This is possibly due to lodging of crops and a change in yield, not as a result of poor plant nutrition, but with difficult mechanized harvesting.


Geoderma ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 406 ◽  
pp. 115458
Author(s):  
Mirjam S. Breure ◽  
Elise Van Eynde ◽  
Bas Kempen ◽  
Rob N.J. Comans ◽  
Ellis Hoffland

Jurnal Agro ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-211
Author(s):  
Titin Purnama ◽  
Hendri Hendri ◽  
Jumjunidang Jumjunidang ◽  
D Fatri ◽  
Andre Sparta

Pepaya Merah Delima berpotensi untuk dibudidayakan di lahan rawa lebak. Permasalahan lahan rawa lebak yaitu pH rendah dan ketersediaan hara dalam tanah rendah sehingga perlu diberikan pengapuran dan pemupukan tambahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis kapur, pupuk P dan K terbaik untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas pepaya Merah Delima. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan rawa lebak TTP Siak, Kecamatan Sai Mandau (BPTP Riau) dari bulan Januari 2018 sampai Desember 2019. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi dengan petak utama yaitu dua taraf dosis kapur (6 dan 9 t ha-1) dan anak petak kombinasi dari tiga taraf dosis pupuk P2O5 (100, 200, 300 g tan-1) dan tiga taraf dosis pupuk K2O (150, 300, 450 g tan-1), setiap perlakuan terdapat tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian kapur dosis 6 t ha-1 dan kombinasi P dan K dosis 300 g tan-1+ 300 g tan-1 berturut-turut, dapat meningkatkan produksi pepaya Merah Delima sampai 51% dengan rata-rata produksi 98,00 kg tan-1, jumlah buah rata-rata 95,45 tan-1, bobot buah 1.031,30 g buah-1, PTT 11,81 oBrix, dan kekerasan buah 55,08 kg cm-2. Pemberian kapur dan tambahan pupuk P dan K efektif untuk memperbaiki sifat lahan rawa lebak sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil tanaman pepaya Merah Delima. Papaya CV. Merah Delima is potential to be cultivated on tidal swampland. The problems of tidal swampland are low degree of pH and low nutrient availability in the soil, thus it needs additional liming and fertilization. This study aimed to obtain the best dose of lime, also phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to increase the productivity and quality of papaya cv. Merah Delima. The study was conducted at TTP Siak, Sai Mandau district (BPTP Riau) from January 2018 to December 2019. The study used a Split Plot Design with the main plot was two doses of lime (6 and 9 t ha-1) and the subplot was combination of three doses of P2O5 fertilizer (100, 200, 300 g plant-1) and three levels of K2O fertilizer (150, 300, 450 g plant-1), with three replications. The results showed the application of lime at dose of 6 t ha-1 combined by P and  K fertilizer of 300 g plant-1 + 300 g plant-1, respectively, could increase papaya production up to 51%, whereas average production 98.00 kg plant-1, average number of fruits 95.45 plant-1, fruit weight 1,031.30 g fruit-1, TSS 11.81 °Brix, and fruit hardness of 55.08 kg cm-2. Application of lime and additional fertilizer into the tidal swampland are effective to improve its characteristics and able to increase the papaya Merah Delima production.


HortScience ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Manman Wang ◽  
Youliang Ye ◽  
Xv Chu ◽  
Yanan Zhao ◽  
Shuhong Zhang ◽  
...  

Potassium (K) is a critical plant nutrient that determines quality in a myriad of crops and increases production yields. However, excessive application of various types of K fertilizers can decrease both the food quality and yields, which translates as economic losses and food safety issues. The objectives of this study were to 1) elucidate the impacts of different application rates of various K fertilizers on garlic, with the aim to identify the optimal and most economical K fertilizer dosage and 2) compare the effects of applying two common K fertilizers (KCl and K2SO4) on garlic, to determine the optimal combination. From 2018 to 2020, we utilized two distinct K-fertilized fields to conduct our experiments. The results revealed optimal KCl fertilization increased the biomass and vegetation index in garlic, and promoted the transfer of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients from the stem and leaf to bulb, thereby increasing bulb production. The application of KCl fertilizer increased the number of cloves, the diameters of the cloves and bulbs, and reduced variations in bulb size. In addition, the application of KCl fertilizer improved the nutritional quality (Vitamin C, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and allicin) of the garlic and reduced the accumulation of nitrate. However, excessive KCl fertilizer cause decreased yields, appearance traits, and nutritional quality. Applying the same rate of K fertilizer in the form of K2SO4 in isolation increased the garlic yield by only 0.1% to 22.5% when compared with KCl fertilizer. However, the results were not always significant. In this study, the highest yields, appearance traits, and nutritional quality were achieved with the ratio of K2SO4: KCl = 3:1. Consequently, to ensure the highest economic value (considering the market prices of K fertilizer, garlic sprouts, and bulbs), the authors recommend a K fertilizer rate of 252.5 kg·ha−1 K2O, with K2SO4 accounting for 61.6% for garlic production in field.


age ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabin Rawal ◽  
Keshab Raj Pande ◽  
Renuka Shrestha ◽  
Shree Prasad Vista

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 3331
Author(s):  
Luis Henrique Rodrigues Mendonça ◽  
Milton César Costa Campos ◽  
Raquel Manhuary de Araújo ◽  
Elilson Gomes de Brito Filho ◽  
Alan Ferreira Leite de Lima ◽  
...  

Na região amazônica é comum a conversão de ambiente natural para o de cultivo, com isso o solo permanece em constantes modificações. As atividades agrícolas podem incrementar a heterogeneidade do solo provocando alterações nos atributos químicos do solo, decorrente principalmente das atividades de manejo e cultivo. Essas mudanças são mensuráveis e contribuem para caracterizar, avaliar e acompanhar as alterações ocorrida utilizando ferramentas estatísticas. Assim o estudo da variabilidade espacial dos atributos químicos dos solos é particularmente importante especialmente em áreas onde o solo está submetido a diferentes manejos, visando reduzir os efeitos da variabilidade na produção das culturas em função de determinadas práticas de manejo. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a variabilidade espacial dos atributos químicos em área de floresta natural e com cultivo de laranja em Colorado do Oeste, Rondônia. Foram selecionadas duas áreas de estudo, a primeira sendo a área de floresta nativa e a segunda sob cultivo de laranja em de Colorado do Oeste, Rondônia. Em cada área foi delimitada uma malha com 1.260 m² (42 x 30 m), com 48 pontos e espaçamento regular entre pontos de 6 m. Nos pontos de cruzamento da malha foram coletadas amostras em três profundidades (0,00-0,05; 0,05-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m), correspondente ao horizonte diagnóstico do solo, perfazendo uma somatória de 144 amostras por área, logo, um total de 288. Serão determinados dos atributos químicos de pH em água, acidez potencial, alumínio trocável, fósforo e potássio disponível, e carbono orgânico. Com a obtenção dos dados, estes foram avaliados por meio de estatística descrita com teste de médias e a realização da análise multivariada. Houve diferença entre as duas áreas, a substituição da vegetação nativa por sistema de cultivo, ocasionou alterações nos atributos químicos do solo. O uso das técnicas multivariadas mostrou-se eficiente na distinção dos ambientes estudados.     Interaction of the chemical attributes of the soil in an area with natural forest and with planting of orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.) A B S T R A C TIn the Amazon region it is common to convert from a natural environment to that of cultivation, with this the soil remains in constant modifications. Agricultural activities can increase the heterogeneity of the soil causing changes in the chemical attributes of the soil, mainly due to management and cultivation activities. These changes are measurable and contribute to characterize, evaluate and monitor the changes that have occurred using statistical tools. Thus, the study of the spatial variability of the chemical attributes of soils is particularly important, especially in areas where the soil is subjected to different managements, in order to reduce the effects of variability in the production of crops due to certain management practices. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the spatial variability of chemical attributes in an area of natural forest and with orange cultivation in Colorado do Oeste, Rondônia. Two study areas were selected, the first being the native forest area and the second under orange cultivation in Colorado do Oeste, Rondônia. In each area, a mesh of 1,260 m² (42 x 30 m) was delimited, with 48 points and regular spacing between points of 6 m. At the crossing points of the grid, samples were collected at three depths (0.00-0.05; 0.05-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m), corresponding to the soil diagnostic horizon, making a sum of 144 samples per area, therefore, a total of 288. The chemical attributes of pH in water, potential acidity, exchangeable aluminum, available phosphorus and potassium, and organic carbon will be determined. Once the data were obtained, they were evaluated using statistics described with the means test and the multivariate analysis. There was a difference between the two areas, the replacement of native vegetation by a cultivation system, caused changes in the chemical attributes of the soil. The use of multivariate techniques proved to be efficient in distinguishing the studied environments.Keywords: Amazon soils, Use and management, Soil occupation.


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