scholarly journals EFFECT OF SELECTED INSECTICIDES ON CORN EARWORM, BEET ARMYWORM, THREECORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER, AND BENEFICIAL ARTHROPODS ON ALFALFA, 2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Muegge ◽  
Raymond Quigg
Keyword(s):  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods

Bionomics of the Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Its Ectoparasitic Nematode, Noctuidonema guyanense, in South Georgia

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
C. E. Rogers ◽  
O. G. Marti ◽  
L. D. Chandler ◽  
A. M. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Cotton Bollworm ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is a perennial immigrant pest of several crops in south Georgia. Moths of S. frugiperda commonly are infested by an ectoparasitic nematode, Noctuidonema guyanense Remillet and Silvain in the Southeast. The seasonal chronology and natural association of these species are reported for Tift Co. from 1988 to 1994. Seasonal influxes of non-infested moths usually arrive in late April and dissipate in early November. Seasonal influxes of infested male moths follow the initial immigrants by 4 to 6 wks and disappear in the fall from 1 to 2 mos earlier than the general moth populations. Feral male moths that are moderately worn and infested by N. guyanense weigh less than moderately worn, non-infested males. Noctuidonema guyanense infests moths of several species of noctuids, but it has not been found on the cotton bollworm/corn earworm [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)], tobacco budworm [Heliothis virescens (Fab.)], or beet armyworm [S. exigua (Hubner)].

scholarly journals Comparison of in Vitro and in Planta Toxicity of Vip3A for Lepidopteran Herbivores

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2959-2971
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hassaan Khan ◽  
Georg Jander ◽  
Zahid Mukhtar ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Muhammad Sarwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Agricultural pest infestation is as old as domestication of food crops and contributes a major share to the cost of crop production. In a transgenic pest control approach, plant production of Vip3A, an insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis, is effective against lepidopteran pests. A synthetic Vip3A gene was evaluated for efficacy against Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; cotton leafworm), Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; beet armyworm), Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; fall armyworm), Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; cotton bollworm), Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; corn earworm), Heliothis virescens Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; tobacco budworm), and Manduca sexta L. (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae; tobacco hornworm) in tobacco. In artificial diet assays, the concentration required to achieve 50% mortality was highest for H. zea followed by H. virescens > S. exigua > H. armigera > M. sexta > S. frugiperda > S. litura. By contrast, in bioassays with detached leaves from Vip3A transgenic tobacco, the time until 50% lethality was M. sexta > H. virescens > S. litura > H. zea > H. armigera > S. exigua. There was no significant correlation between the artificial diet and transgenic plant bioassay results. Notably, the two insect species that are best-adapted for growth on tobacco, M. sexta and H. virescens, showed the greatest time to 50% mortality on Vip3A-transgenic tobacco. Together, our results suggest that artificial diet assays may be a poor predictor of Vip3A efficacy in transgenic plants, lepidopteran species vary in their sensitivity to Vip3A in diet-dependent manner, and host plant adaptation of the targeted herbivores should be considered when designing transgenic plants for pest control.

scholarly journals EUROPEAN CORN BORER, CORN EARWORM, AND BEET ARMYWORM CONTROL WITH INSECTICIDES 2002

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Sorensen ◽  
Dennis G. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Corn Borer

Host-plant resistance and biopesticides: ingredients for successful integrated pest management (IPM) in Australian sorghum production

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Franzmann ◽  
A. T. Hardy ◽  
D. A. H. Murray ◽  
R. G. Henzell
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Stenodiplosis Sorghicola ◽  
Sorghum Midge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sorghum Production

There are two major pests of sorghum in Australia, the sorghum midge, Stenodiplosis sorghicola (Coquillett), and the corn earworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). During the past 10 years the management of these pests has undergone a revolution, due principally to the development of sorghum hybrids with resistance to sorghum midge. Also contributing has been the adoption of a nucleopolyhedrovirus for the management of corn earworm. The practical application of these developments has led to a massive reduction in the use of synthetic insecticides for the management of major pests of sorghum in Australia. These changes have produced immediate economic, environmental and social benefits. Other flow-on benefits include providing flexibility in planting times, the maintenance of beneficial arthropods and utilisation of sorghum as a beneficial arthropod nursery, a reduction in midge populations and a reduction in insecticide resistance development in corn earworm. Future developments in sorghum pest management are discussed.

Susceptibility of Five Plant Defoliators to Celery Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-314
Author(s):  
Walter Solomon ◽  
Lavone Lambert ◽  
M. R. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Velvetbean Caterpillar ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

Bioassays were conducted to determine the susceptibility of five lepidopteran defoliators to a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) isolated from the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby). Tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), exhibited the greatest susceptibility, LC50 = 2,328PIB/ml, and velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner), exhibited the least susceptibility, LC50 = 5,176,038 PIB/ml, after 7 d of feeding at the 5 × 104 PIB/ml dosage. Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), expressed intermediate levels of susceptibility, LC50 - 11,742, 14,195, 14,614 respectively, after 7 d of feeding at the 5 × 104 PIB/ml dosage. These results were consistent at days 10 and 14 indicating the relative activity of the virus against each species.

Fluorescent Brighteners Can Enhance or Inhibit the Nucleopolyhedrovirus of the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)2

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Farrar ◽  
Martin Shapiro ◽  
A. H. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Host Insect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Anagrapha Falcifera

The nucleopolyhedrovirus of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), (PxMNPV) was the most potent of three viruses tested against this insect. The potency of PxMNPV could be increased by the addition of certain diaminostilbene disulfonic acid-derived fluorescent brighteners, including Blankophor P167® at a concentration of 1%. Other fluorescent brighteners, including Blankophor HRS® at 1%, reduced the activity of PxMNPV, though lower concentrations of Blankophor HRS (0.25 to 0.5%) enhanced activity. In contrast, Blankophor HRS at 1% enhanced the nucleopolyhedrovirus of the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby), (AfMNPV) against the diamondback moth. Similar results were found in the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), which are also susceptible to both PxMNPV and AfMNPV. Consumption of foliage treated with Blankophor HRS (0.5 to 1.0%) did not differ from that of foliage treated with similar concentrations of Blankophor P167. These results indicate a negative effect of higher concentrations of Blankophor HRS on PxMNPV, rather than on the host insect.

scholarly journals Comparison of in vitro and in planta toxicity of Vip3A for lepidopteran herbivores

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hassaan Khan ◽  
Georg Jander ◽  
Zahid Mukhtar ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Muhammad Sarwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
In Planta

AbstractAgricultural pest infestation is as old as domestication of food crops and contributes a major share to the cost of crop production. Transgenic production of Vip3A, an insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis, effectively controls lepidopteran pests. A synthetic vip3A gene was evaluated its efficacy against Spodoptera litura (cotton leafworm), Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm), Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm), Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm), Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm), and Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm). In artificial diet assays, the Vip3A concentration causing 50% mortality was H. zea > H. virescens > S. exigua > H. armigera > M. sexta > S. frugiperda > S. litura. In contrast, on vip3A transgenic tobacco the order of resistance (time until 50% lethality) was M. sexta > H. virescens > S. litura > H. zea > H. armigera > S. exigua > S. frugiperda. There was no significant correlation between the artificial diet and transgenic tobacco effects. Notably, the two insect species that are best-adapted for growth on tobacco, M. sexta and H. virescens, showed the greatest tolerance of vip3A-transgenic tobacco. This may indicate synergistic effects of Vip3A and endogenous plant defense mechanisms, e.g. nicotine, to which M. sexta and H. virescens would have greater resistance. Together, our results show that artificial diet assays are a poor predictor of Vip3A efficacy in transgenic plants, lepidopteran species vary in their sensitivity to Vip3A in diet-dependent manner, and that host plant adaptation of the targeted herbivores should be considered when designing transgenic plants for pest control.

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