scholarly journals Comparison of in Vitro and in Planta Toxicity of Vip3A for Lepidopteran Herbivores

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2959-2971
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hassaan Khan ◽  
Georg Jander ◽  
Zahid Mukhtar ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Muhammad Sarwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Agricultural pest infestation is as old as domestication of food crops and contributes a major share to the cost of crop production. In a transgenic pest control approach, plant production of Vip3A, an insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis, is effective against lepidopteran pests. A synthetic Vip3A gene was evaluated for efficacy against Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; cotton leafworm), Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; beet armyworm), Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; fall armyworm), Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; cotton bollworm), Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; corn earworm), Heliothis virescens Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; tobacco budworm), and Manduca sexta L. (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae; tobacco hornworm) in tobacco. In artificial diet assays, the concentration required to achieve 50% mortality was highest for H. zea followed by H. virescens > S. exigua > H. armigera > M. sexta > S. frugiperda > S. litura. By contrast, in bioassays with detached leaves from Vip3A transgenic tobacco, the time until 50% lethality was M. sexta > H. virescens > S. litura > H. zea > H. armigera > S. exigua. There was no significant correlation between the artificial diet and transgenic plant bioassay results. Notably, the two insect species that are best-adapted for growth on tobacco, M. sexta and H. virescens, showed the greatest time to 50% mortality on Vip3A-transgenic tobacco. Together, our results suggest that artificial diet assays may be a poor predictor of Vip3A efficacy in transgenic plants, lepidopteran species vary in their sensitivity to Vip3A in diet-dependent manner, and host plant adaptation of the targeted herbivores should be considered when designing transgenic plants for pest control.

scholarly journals Comparison of in vitro and in planta toxicity of Vip3A for lepidopteran herbivores

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hassaan Khan ◽  
Georg Jander ◽  
Zahid Mukhtar ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Muhammad Sarwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
In Planta

AbstractAgricultural pest infestation is as old as domestication of food crops and contributes a major share to the cost of crop production. Transgenic production of Vip3A, an insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis, effectively controls lepidopteran pests. A synthetic vip3A gene was evaluated its efficacy against Spodoptera litura (cotton leafworm), Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm), Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm), Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm), Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm), and Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm). In artificial diet assays, the Vip3A concentration causing 50% mortality was H. zea > H. virescens > S. exigua > H. armigera > M. sexta > S. frugiperda > S. litura. In contrast, on vip3A transgenic tobacco the order of resistance (time until 50% lethality) was M. sexta > H. virescens > S. litura > H. zea > H. armigera > S. exigua > S. frugiperda. There was no significant correlation between the artificial diet and transgenic tobacco effects. Notably, the two insect species that are best-adapted for growth on tobacco, M. sexta and H. virescens, showed the greatest tolerance of vip3A-transgenic tobacco. This may indicate synergistic effects of Vip3A and endogenous plant defense mechanisms, e.g. nicotine, to which M. sexta and H. virescens would have greater resistance. Together, our results show that artificial diet assays are a poor predictor of Vip3A efficacy in transgenic plants, lepidopteran species vary in their sensitivity to Vip3A in diet-dependent manner, and that host plant adaptation of the targeted herbivores should be considered when designing transgenic plants for pest control.

Bionomics of the Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Its Ectoparasitic Nematode, Noctuidonema guyanense, in South Georgia

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
C. E. Rogers ◽  
O. G. Marti ◽  
L. D. Chandler ◽  
A. M. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Cotton Bollworm ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is a perennial immigrant pest of several crops in south Georgia. Moths of S. frugiperda commonly are infested by an ectoparasitic nematode, Noctuidonema guyanense Remillet and Silvain in the Southeast. The seasonal chronology and natural association of these species are reported for Tift Co. from 1988 to 1994. Seasonal influxes of non-infested moths usually arrive in late April and dissipate in early November. Seasonal influxes of infested male moths follow the initial immigrants by 4 to 6 wks and disappear in the fall from 1 to 2 mos earlier than the general moth populations. Feral male moths that are moderately worn and infested by N. guyanense weigh less than moderately worn, non-infested males. Noctuidonema guyanense infests moths of several species of noctuids, but it has not been found on the cotton bollworm/corn earworm [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)], tobacco budworm [Heliothis virescens (Fab.)], or beet armyworm [S. exigua (Hubner)].

Susceptibility of Five Plant Defoliators to Celery Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-314
Author(s):  
Walter Solomon ◽  
Lavone Lambert ◽  
M. R. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Velvetbean Caterpillar ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

Bioassays were conducted to determine the susceptibility of five lepidopteran defoliators to a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) isolated from the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby). Tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), exhibited the greatest susceptibility, LC50 = 2,328PIB/ml, and velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner), exhibited the least susceptibility, LC50 = 5,176,038 PIB/ml, after 7 d of feeding at the 5 × 104 PIB/ml dosage. Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), expressed intermediate levels of susceptibility, LC50 - 11,742, 14,195, 14,614 respectively, after 7 d of feeding at the 5 × 104 PIB/ml dosage. These results were consistent at days 10 and 14 indicating the relative activity of the virus against each species.

Experimental observations of food-aversive responses in larvae of Spodoptera exempta (Wlk.) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Chun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Input Pattern ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Spodoptera Exempta ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Specific Input ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe oligophagy of the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Wlk.), was investigated experimentally. The resistance to feeding on cassava, a non-food plant, declined at a faster rate if the larvae had been reared on artificial diet. If diet-reared larvae were allowed to feed on maize for increasing periods of time the subsequent rejection of cassava increased accordingly. This effect could still be induced after removing the labral or palpal sensilla but not after removing both pairs of stylo-conic sensilla. The left and right pair of styloconic sensilla are supplementary to each other. In so far as aversive responses to non-food plants are concerned, the rearing on artificial diet can be considered as a case of pseudomaxillectomy. It is suggested that during feeding on maize the larva receives a specific input pattern which influences central acceptance-rejection decisions in a time-dependent manner. This specific information is absent from artificial diet and can no longer be perceived by larvae without styloconic sensilla.

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