scholarly journals Frontal lobe functioning in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 693-693
Author(s):  
P. Espe-Pfeifer ◽  
S. Devaraju-Backhaus ◽  
M.L. Mahrou ◽  
L. Dornheim ◽  
Z. Proctor-Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functioning

Neuropsychological Functioning in Children With DSM-IV Combined Type Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Tripp ◽  
Junita Ryan ◽  
Kathryn Peace
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functioning

Objective: To compare the global cognitive functioning and frontal lobe functioning of children with and without DSM-IV combined type Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Method: Participants were 6 to 10 year old, clinic-referred children diagnosed with combined type ADHD, who were medication naïve; and an age (± 3 months) and sex matched group of children without behaviour problems. The performance of the two groups were compared on measures of intellectual functioning and tests designed to assess the functions of the frontal lobes (verbal and-non-verbal fluency, reasoning, problem solving, spatial working memory, attention). Results: The children with ADHD obtained significantly lower Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-third edition IQ scores than controls and performed more poorly across the range of frontal lobe tests. Group differences on these tests were attenuated when IQ scores were included in the analyses as a covariate. Conclusions: Children with combined type ADHD have mild to moderate global cognitive impairment together with some impairment of functions subserved by the frontal lobes. Longitudinal studies are required to determine if the deficit in global cognitive functioning is a primary deficit or secondary to the deficit in frontal lobe functioning. The importance of neuropsychological assessment and follow-up for children with ADHD is stressed. Study limitations relate to the generalizability of the findings and the absence of a psychiatric control group.

scholarly journals Topological Data Analysis reveals robust alterations in the whole-brain and frontal lobe functional connectomes in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeus Gracia-Tabuenca ◽  
Juan Carlos Díaz-Patiño ◽  
Isaac Arelio ◽  
Sarael Alcauter
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Topological Data Analysis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Connectivity Threshold ◽  
Topological Data

AbstractThe functional organization of the brain network (connectome) has been widely studied as a graph; however, methodological issues may affect the results, such as the brain parcellation scheme or the selection of a proper threshold value. Instead of exploring the brain in terms of a static connectivity threshold, this work explores its algebraic topology as a function of the filtration value (i.e., the connectivity threshold), a process termed the Rips filtration in Topological Data Analysis. Specifically, we characterized the transition from all nodes being isolated to being connected into a single component as a function of the filtration value, in a public dataset of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically developing children. Results were highly congruent when using four different brain segmentations (atlases), and exhibited significant differences for the brain topology of children with ADHD, both at the whole brain network and at the functional sub-network levels, particularly involving the frontal lobe and the default mode network. Therefore, this approach may contribute to identify the neurophysio-pathology of ADHD, reducing the bias of connectomics-related methods.HighlightsTopological Data Analysis was implemented in functional connectomes.Betti curves were assessed based on the area under the curve, slope and kurtosis.The explored variables were robust along four different brain atlases.ADHD showed lower areas, suggesting decreased functional segregation.Frontal and default mode networks showed the greatest differences between groups.Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Comprehensive Examination of Frontal Regions in Boys and Girls with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mark Mahone ◽  
Marin E. Ranta ◽  
Deana Crocetti ◽  
Jessica O'Brien ◽  
Walter E. Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Medial Pfc ◽  
Gray Matter Volumes ◽  
Girls With Adhd

AbstractThe current study examined regional frontal lobe volumes based on functionally relevant subdivisions in contemporaneously recruited samples of boys and girls with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Forty-four boys (21 ADHD, 23 control) and 42 girls (21 ADHD, 21 control), ages 8–13 years, participated. Sulcal–gyral landmarks were used to manually delimit functionally relevant regions within the frontal lobe: primary motor cortex, anterior cingulate, deep white matter, premotor regions [supplementary motor complex (SMC), frontal eye field, lateral premotor cortex (LPM)], and prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions [medial PFC, dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), inferior PFC, lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and medial OFC]. Compared to sex-matched controls, boys and girls with ADHD showed reduced volumes (gray and white matter) in the left SMC. Conversely, girls (but not boys) with ADHD showed reduced gray matter volume in left LPM; while boys (but not girls) with ADHD showed reduced white matter volume in left medial PFC. Reduced left SMC gray matter volumes predicted increased go/no–go commission rate in children with ADHD. Reduced left LPM gray matter volumes predicted increased go/no–go variability, but only among girls with ADHD. Results highlight different patterns of anomalous frontal lobe development among boys and girls with ADHD beyond that detected by measuring whole lobar volumes. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1047–1057)

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