Neuropsychological Functioning in Children With DSM-IV Combined Type Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Tripp ◽  
Junita Ryan ◽  
Kathryn Peace
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functioning

Objective: To compare the global cognitive functioning and frontal lobe functioning of children with and without DSM-IV combined type Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Method: Participants were 6 to 10 year old, clinic-referred children diagnosed with combined type ADHD, who were medication naïve; and an age (± 3 months) and sex matched group of children without behaviour problems. The performance of the two groups were compared on measures of intellectual functioning and tests designed to assess the functions of the frontal lobes (verbal and-non-verbal fluency, reasoning, problem solving, spatial working memory, attention). Results: The children with ADHD obtained significantly lower Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-third edition IQ scores than controls and performed more poorly across the range of frontal lobe tests. Group differences on these tests were attenuated when IQ scores were included in the analyses as a covariate. Conclusions: Children with combined type ADHD have mild to moderate global cognitive impairment together with some impairment of functions subserved by the frontal lobes. Longitudinal studies are required to determine if the deficit in global cognitive functioning is a primary deficit or secondary to the deficit in frontal lobe functioning. The importance of neuropsychological assessment and follow-up for children with ADHD is stressed. Study limitations relate to the generalizability of the findings and the absence of a psychiatric control group.

scholarly journals Frontal lobe functioning in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 693-693
Author(s):  
P. Espe-Pfeifer ◽  
S. Devaraju-Backhaus ◽  
M.L. Mahrou ◽  
L. Dornheim ◽  
Z. Proctor-Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functioning

Frontal Beta Activity in the Meta-Intention of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 155005942093314
Author(s):  
Yu-Chi Liao ◽  
Nai-Wen Guo ◽  
Bei-Yi Su ◽  
Shin-Jaw Chen ◽  
Hsing-Fang Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Executive Attention ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Tasks ◽  
Attention Performance

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have high theta and low beta activity in the frontal lobe. The higher the theta/beta ratio, the lower the level of central nervous system (CNS) cortical arousal. However, there is seldom evidence between electroencephalograms (EEGs) and the patient’s intentionality to regulate the cortical activity of executive attention tasks. We investigated whether children with ADHD intended to improve their performance in executive attention tasks and whether that increased their brain activity. Fifty-one children with ADHD (ADHD) and 51 typical developing (TD) children were investigated using focused attention (FA) and search attention (SA) tasks and a simultaneous EEG. The children were then regrouped as faster (ADHD-F, TD-F) and slower (ADHD-S, TD-S) depending on reaction time (RT). Quantitative EEGs of frontal lobe theta and beta activity at frontal F3, F4, and Fz were used. Twenty-eight (54.9%) ADHD children were regrouped as ADHD-S and 14 (27.5%) as TD-S. The ADHD-S group, however, had poorer FA and SA performance than the other 3 groups did: fewer correct answers, more frequent impulsive and missing errors, and higher RT variations. There were no significant differences in theta activity, but the TD-S group had higher beta activity than the ADHD-S group did. We conclude that the ADHD-F and ADHD-S groups had different attention processes. beta activity did not increase in the ADHD-S group, and their executive attention performance in the FA and SA tests was poor. It seems ADHD-S had poor meta-intention function. The frontal beta activity might be a feasible training target of neurofeedback in ADHD-S patients.

scholarly journals Computerized Stroop Test to Assess Selective Attention in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Carolina dos Santos Assef ◽  
Alessandra Gotuzo Seabra Capovilla ◽  
Fernando Cesar Capovilla
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Target Stimulus ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv

Research shows abnormal function of the pre-frontal cortex in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This cortex is involved in the control of executive functions related to planning and execution of goal-oriented strategies, working memory, inhibitions, cognitive flexibility, and selective attention. Selective attention involves focus on the target stimulus, ignoring competing distractions. The Stroop Test (Stroop, 1935) is usually used to evaluate selective attention. This study investigated whether children with ADHD could exhibit modified performance in the Stroop Test. Using a computerized version of this test (Capovilla, Montiel, Macedo, & Charin, 2005), the study compared the reaction times (RTs) of 62 Brazilian children, between 8 and 12 years of age, 31 of whom were diagnosed with ADHD and sent to psychiatric clinics, and 31 without ADHD studying in regular schools. All children with ADHD satisfied the criteria of the DSM-IV-TR and were evaluated with the Conners Abbreviated Questionnaire (Goyette, Conners, & Ulrich, 1978), completed by parents and teachers. The results revealed that children with ADHD exhibit greater interference in RT than children without ADHD. This corroborated the hypothesis that children with ADHD exhibit a deficit in selective attention, consisting in augmented RTs, as measured by the Computerized Stroop Test.

scholarly journals Diagnosis dan penanganan rehabilitasi medik pada anak dengan Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayu D. Susanto ◽  
Lidwina S. Sengkey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Dsm Iv

Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood. The average age of onset is 7 years old. Symptoms in children is characteriterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, or a combination of these symptoms, which compromise basic daily functions such as learning to read and making friends. ADHD is a complex disorder of impairment of brain functions, associated with low rates of high-school graduation and completion of postsecondary education as well as poor peer relationships, even when it is appropriately managed, leading to high economic and social burdens. In many cases, it is accompanied by one or more serious psychiatric comorbidities. In practice, the diagnosis is often made in children who meet some but not all of the criteria recommended in DSM-IV. According to National Institute of Mental Health and professional organizations such as AACAP, the management of children with ADHD is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary and multimodal approach. The managerial team of children with ADHD involves medical rehabilitation specialists, physiatrists with occupational therapiests, psychologists, social workers, parents, teachers, care givers, and environment.Keywords: ADHD, inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, rehabilitation medicineAbstrak: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) adalah adanya pola menetap dari inatensi yang disertai hiperaktifitas dan impulsivitas, umumnya terjadi pada anak usia dini dan usia sekolah. Gejala dapat diketahui sebelum usia 7 tahun dan dapat menetap sampai masa remaja dan dewasa. ADHD dapat mengganggu fungsi dasar seorang anak, permasalahan dalam hal belajar, dan kesulitan membina hubungan dengan teman. ADHD merupakan gangguan yang kompleks dari fungsi otak yang menimbulkan masalah dalam pendidikan dan sosial serta membutuhkan biaya yang cukup besar. Pada banyak kasus disertai oleh 1 atau lebih masalah psikiatri yang serius. Kriteria diagnosis didasarkan pada Diagnostic and Statistic Manual IV (DSM-IV). Sampai saat ini belum ada satu jenis terapi yang dapat diakui untuk menyembuhkan anak dengan ADHD secara total. Berdasarkan National Institute of Mental Health serta organisasi profesi lainnya di dunia seperti AACAP penanganan anak dengan ADHD ialah dengan pendekatan komprehensif yang multidisiplin dan multimodal. Penanganan pada anak dengan ADHD melibatkan multidisipliner ilmu termasuk dokter spesialis kedokteran fisik dan rehabilitasi bersama tim termasuk psikolog, okupasi terapi, sosial medik, orang tua, guru, care giver dan lingkungan.Kata kunci: ADHD, inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, rehabilitation medicine

Physical Fitness and Resting EEG in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Wen Huang ◽  
Chung-Ju Huang ◽  
Chiao-Ling Hung ◽  
Chia-Hao Shih ◽  
Tsung-Min Hung
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Relationship

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by a deviant pattern of brain oscillations during resting state, particularly elevated theta power and increased theta/alpha and theta/beta ratios that are related to cognitive functioning. Physical fitness has been found beneficial to cognitive performance in a wide age population. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations in children with ADHD. EEG was recorded during eyes-open resting for 28 children (23 boys and 5 girls, 8.66 ± 1.10 years) with ADHD, and a battery of physical fitness assessments including flexibility, muscular endurance, power, and agility tests were administered. The results indicated that ADHD children with higher power fitness exhibited a smaller theta/alpha ratio than those with lower power fitness. These findings suggest that power fitness may be associated with improved attentional self-control in children with ADHD.

Subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence From DSM-IV Field Trials

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Lahey ◽  
B. Applegate ◽  
K. McBurnett ◽  
J. Biederman ◽  
L. Greenhill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv
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