scholarly journals Topological Data Analysis Reveals Robust Alterations in the Whole-Brain and Frontal Lobe Functional Connectomes in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

eNeuro ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. ENEURO.0543-19.2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeus Gracia-Tabuenca ◽  
Juan Carlos Díaz-Patiño ◽  
Isaac Arelio ◽  
Sarael Alcauter
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Topological Data Analysis ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Topological Data

scholarly journals Topological Data Analysis reveals robust alterations in the whole-brain and frontal lobe functional connectomes in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeus Gracia-Tabuenca ◽  
Juan Carlos Díaz-Patiño ◽  
Isaac Arelio ◽  
Sarael Alcauter
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Topological Data Analysis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Connectivity Threshold ◽  
Topological Data

AbstractThe functional organization of the brain network (connectome) has been widely studied as a graph; however, methodological issues may affect the results, such as the brain parcellation scheme or the selection of a proper threshold value. Instead of exploring the brain in terms of a static connectivity threshold, this work explores its algebraic topology as a function of the filtration value (i.e., the connectivity threshold), a process termed the Rips filtration in Topological Data Analysis. Specifically, we characterized the transition from all nodes being isolated to being connected into a single component as a function of the filtration value, in a public dataset of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically developing children. Results were highly congruent when using four different brain segmentations (atlases), and exhibited significant differences for the brain topology of children with ADHD, both at the whole brain network and at the functional sub-network levels, particularly involving the frontal lobe and the default mode network. Therefore, this approach may contribute to identify the neurophysio-pathology of ADHD, reducing the bias of connectomics-related methods.HighlightsTopological Data Analysis was implemented in functional connectomes.Betti curves were assessed based on the area under the curve, slope and kurtosis.The explored variables were robust along four different brain atlases.ADHD showed lower areas, suggesting decreased functional segregation.Frontal and default mode networks showed the greatest differences between groups.Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Frontal lobe functioning in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 693-693
Author(s):  
P. Espe-Pfeifer ◽  
S. Devaraju-Backhaus ◽  
M.L. Mahrou ◽  
L. Dornheim ◽  
Z. Proctor-Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functioning

scholarly journals Comprehensive Examination of Frontal Regions in Boys and Girls with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mark Mahone ◽  
Marin E. Ranta ◽  
Deana Crocetti ◽  
Jessica O'Brien ◽  
Walter E. Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Medial Pfc ◽  
Gray Matter Volumes ◽  
Girls With Adhd

AbstractThe current study examined regional frontal lobe volumes based on functionally relevant subdivisions in contemporaneously recruited samples of boys and girls with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Forty-four boys (21 ADHD, 23 control) and 42 girls (21 ADHD, 21 control), ages 8–13 years, participated. Sulcal–gyral landmarks were used to manually delimit functionally relevant regions within the frontal lobe: primary motor cortex, anterior cingulate, deep white matter, premotor regions [supplementary motor complex (SMC), frontal eye field, lateral premotor cortex (LPM)], and prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions [medial PFC, dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), inferior PFC, lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and medial OFC]. Compared to sex-matched controls, boys and girls with ADHD showed reduced volumes (gray and white matter) in the left SMC. Conversely, girls (but not boys) with ADHD showed reduced gray matter volume in left LPM; while boys (but not girls) with ADHD showed reduced white matter volume in left medial PFC. Reduced left SMC gray matter volumes predicted increased go/no–go commission rate in children with ADHD. Reduced left LPM gray matter volumes predicted increased go/no–go variability, but only among girls with ADHD. Results highlight different patterns of anomalous frontal lobe development among boys and girls with ADHD beyond that detected by measuring whole lobar volumes. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1047–1057)

Frontal Beta Activity in the Meta-Intention of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 155005942093314
Author(s):  
Yu-Chi Liao ◽  
Nai-Wen Guo ◽  
Bei-Yi Su ◽  
Shin-Jaw Chen ◽  
Hsing-Fang Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Executive Attention ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Tasks ◽  
Attention Performance

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have high theta and low beta activity in the frontal lobe. The higher the theta/beta ratio, the lower the level of central nervous system (CNS) cortical arousal. However, there is seldom evidence between electroencephalograms (EEGs) and the patient’s intentionality to regulate the cortical activity of executive attention tasks. We investigated whether children with ADHD intended to improve their performance in executive attention tasks and whether that increased their brain activity. Fifty-one children with ADHD (ADHD) and 51 typical developing (TD) children were investigated using focused attention (FA) and search attention (SA) tasks and a simultaneous EEG. The children were then regrouped as faster (ADHD-F, TD-F) and slower (ADHD-S, TD-S) depending on reaction time (RT). Quantitative EEGs of frontal lobe theta and beta activity at frontal F3, F4, and Fz were used. Twenty-eight (54.9%) ADHD children were regrouped as ADHD-S and 14 (27.5%) as TD-S. The ADHD-S group, however, had poorer FA and SA performance than the other 3 groups did: fewer correct answers, more frequent impulsive and missing errors, and higher RT variations. There were no significant differences in theta activity, but the TD-S group had higher beta activity than the ADHD-S group did. We conclude that the ADHD-F and ADHD-S groups had different attention processes. beta activity did not increase in the ADHD-S group, and their executive attention performance in the FA and SA tests was poor. It seems ADHD-S had poor meta-intention function. The frontal beta activity might be a feasible training target of neurofeedback in ADHD-S patients.

scholarly journals Connectomic Disturbances in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Whole-Brain Tractography Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 656-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon-Beom Hong ◽  
Andrew Zalesky ◽  
Alex Fornito ◽  
Subin Park ◽  
Young-Hui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder
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