scholarly journals Winter Site Fidelity of Nearctic Migrants in Shade Coffee Plantations of Different Sizes in the Dominican Republic

The Auk ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Wunderle ◽  
Steven C. Latta
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Shade Coffee ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Dendroica Caerulescens ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Mniotilta Varia ◽  
Mean Size

Abstract We studied three Nearctic migrant species (American Redstart [Setophaga ruticilla], AMRE; Black-and-white Warbler [Mniotilta varia], BAWW; Black-throated Blue Warbler [Dendroica caerulescens ], BTBW) wintering in 14 isolated shade coffee plantations (0.1 to 8.7 ha) in the Dominican Republic to determine if site fidelity was comparable to that in tropical forests and if it decreased with plantation size. Site fidelity was measured as the percentage of wandering birds captured in mist nets, as overwinter site persistence of uniquely marked birds observed on the same sites (November to March), and as annual return of marked individuals to previously occupied sites (January to January). The percentages of wanderers in net captures were mostly lower than values reported for natural forests (AMRE 21%, BAWW 12%, BTBW 41%) and did not vary with plantation size. Overwinter site persistence (AMRE 65%, BAWW 65%, BTBW 76%) and annual return (AMRE 34%, BAWW 40%, BTBW 31%) in the plantations fell within the range of values reported for natural forests. Overwinter site persistence decreased with plantation size only in AMRE, although BAWW showed lower persistence in small plantations from early to midwinter. Annual return decreased with plantation size only in AMRE. Despite diminished site fidelity in small plantations, these birds showed some fidelity to small plantations, many of which were smaller than the mean size of winter home ranges.

scholarly journals Mixed-Species Flocking and Foraging Behavior of Four Neotropical Warblers in Panamanian Shade Coffee Fields and Forests

The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 1000-1012
Author(s):  
Lars Y. Pomara ◽  
Robert J. Cooper ◽  
Lisa J. Petit
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Predation Pressure ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Shade Coffee ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Mniotilta Varia ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Prey Items

Abstract We quantified foraging rates and foraging visibility metrics for four Neotropical warblers—Slate-throated Redstart (Myoborus miniatus), Golden-crowned Warbler (Basileuterus culicivorus), Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla), and Black-and-White Warbler (Mniotilta varia)—under flocking and solitary conditions in western Panama to test hypotheses regarding the relative influences of predation pressure and social facilitation on foraging behavior. We also compared foraging behavior in primary forests and in traditionally managed shade coffee fields for two species (Slate-throated Redstart and Wilson's Warbler) to estimate spatial variation in foraging behavior and compare it to variation due to social situation (flocking or solitary). We then assessed the contribution of spatial variation in flocking propensity to the total spatial variation in foraging rates within species. We observed very little overall within-species variability in foraging behavior between social situations or study locations. Only Slate-throated Redstart's behavior was consistent with the hypothesis that flock membership reduces predation pressure and therefore reduces the amount of foraging time spent being vigilant against predators, allowing birds to forage more quickly and find more prey items per minute. No species' behavior supported the hypothesis that flocking birds forage more efficiently than solitary birds by obtaining useful information from flock mates about the location or suitability of foraging resources or techniques. The effort required to find prey items did not vary between study locations (forest and coffee field plots) for Wilson's Warbler. Because flocking also had no effect on foraging behavior of Wilson's Warbler, a reduction in flocking propensity in coffee habitat, relative to forest, did not cause further foraging behavior differences between study locations. Spatial variation in Slate-throated Redstart's foraging behavior independent of a flocking effect was minor; but flocking affected foraging rates, and flocking propensity was lower in coffee fields than in forest, so that location and flocking effects combined to widen foraging rate differences between locations. Thus, variations in flocking behavior and foraging behavior interacted differently for those two species.

scholarly journals Site fidelity and localised homing behaviour in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

Behaviour ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 150 (14) ◽  
pp. 1689-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J.W. Ward ◽  
R. James ◽  
A.D.M. Wilson ◽  
M.M. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Social Facilitation ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Behavioural Ecology ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Homing Behaviour ◽  
Capture Site

The ability of animals to disperse towards their original home range following displacement has been demonstrated in a number of species. However, little is known about the homing ability of three-spine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), an important model species in behavioural ecology. In addition, few studies have examined the role of social facilitation in relation to homing behaviour in fishes. We examined homing behaviour of sticklebacks displaced over distances of between 80 m and 160 m in land-drains with directional water flow. Fish were translocated from their original capture site, tagged and then released either in groups or solitarily. We performed recapture transects either one or two days later. Data provided by recaptured sticklebacks show that the fish dispersed in the direction of their original capture site. Although fish translocated downstream typically moved further than those translocated upstream, both dispersed towards their original capture site. There was no difference between fish released solitarily or in groups in their homing ability and indeed there was little evidence that fish translocated in groups remained together following their release. The homing ability of the fish was demonstrated by the finding that up to 80% of fish returned to their home ranges within two days of release over a distance equivalent to approximately 5000 body lengths of these small fish.

Individual Recognition, Intragroup Cohesion and Intergroup Spacing: Evidence From Sound Playback To Forest Monkeys

Behaviour ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Waser
Keyword(s):  
Individual Recognition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Loud Calls ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Individual Distinctiveness ◽  
Black And White Colobus ◽  
Intergroup Spacing

AbstractThe contexts and functions of several loud mangabey vocalizations, particularly the "whoopgobble", were investigated observationally and experimentally. Whoopgobbles are notable for their audibility and distinctiveness over long distances, their temporal pattern of delivery, and particularly their stereotypy and individual distinctiveness. On the other hand, contexts of and responses to these vocalizations are variable and sometimes nonobvious. In order to control context and more systematically investigate response, an experimental method involving playback of recorded vocalizations was developed. Although precautions against habituation were necessary, mangabey responses to playbacks were clearcut and repeatable. Answering vocalizations, changes in group movement, and changes in the dispersion of individuals within a group occurred only in response to mangabey vocalizations. Whoopgobble playbacks provoked a pattern of response, including most notably the rapid approach of one adult male (the "RA" male) from each group, which was specific to this call. Playback of whoopgobbles between 100 and 600m from mangabey groups indicated that this call does transmit information regarding the identity of the vocalizing individual and group over these distances. Test groups moved away from neighboring- and unknown-group calls, but towards those of their own males - particularly those of RA males. RA males, on the other hand, do not approach calls of other males from their own groups. Within a group, whoopgobbles may thus increase cohesion and influence the direction of movements. Characteristics of whoopgobble form and context are discussed with regard to hypothesized functions of these and other forest monkey loud calls. Responses by free-ranging mangabeys to playback of the whoopgobble confirm its role in maintaining distance between groups. Response was found to be independent of group size, despite the fact that whoopgobble rate is closely related to this variable and thus could transmit such information. Since responses were also found to be independent of location within the home range, intergroup spacing among mangabeys appears not be be "territorial", site defense does not occur. Nevertheless, the central areas in at least some mangabey groups' home ranges were never penetrated by neighbors. Playback tests with black-and-white colobus and blue monkeys, among which territorial spacing has been reported, indicate that responses to loud calls have some degree of site-specificity among these species. But the mangabey pattern of intergroup spacing appears to result from a combination of low group density, site attachment within groups, and site-independent avoidance between groups. These results emphasize that spacing "system" and "pattern" are not necessarily equivalent; a given set of spacing behaviors can result in different spacing patterns under different ecological conditions, while a given pattern may be obtained by any of several behavioral means. Evidence for site-independent spacing in other primate species is discussed.

scholarly journals Black-and-White Creeping-Warbler, Mniotilta varia, Linn. [Pl. 114]

1841 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 105-107
Author(s):  
John James Audubon
Keyword(s):  
Black And White ◽  
Mniotilta Varia

scholarly journals Home range sizes for burchell's zebra equus burchelli antiquorum from the Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.L. Smuts
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Equus Burchelli ◽  
Kruger Park ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Large Home Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Specific Tolerance

Annual home range sizes were determined for 49 marked zebra family groups in the Kruger National Park. Sizes varied from 49 to 566 sq. km, the mean for the Park being 164 square kilometre. Mean home range sizes for different zebra sub-populations and biotic areas were found to differ considerably. Present herbivore densities have not influenced intra- and inter-specific tolerance levels to the extent that home range sizes have increased. Local habitat conditions, and particularly seasonal vegetational changes, were found to have the most profound influence on the shape and mean size of home ranges. The large home range sizes obtained in the Kruger Park, when compared to an area such as the Ngorongoro Crater, can be ascribed to a lower carrying capacity with respect to zebra, large portions of the habitat being sub-optimal, either seasonally or annually.

Home range of the allied rock-wallaby, Petrogale assimilis

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Horsup
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Dry Tropics ◽  
Shelter Site ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Core Areas

The home range and movements of the allied rock wallaby, Petrogale assimilis, a small macropod of the seasonally wet-dry tropics of Queensland, were studied over a 22-month period. There was no significant difference in the size of home ranges (95% isopleth) or core areas (65% isopleth) of males and females. Home ranges were generally elliptical with a mean size of 11.9 ha. Season had a major effect on home ranges. The following measures were all significantly greater in the dry seasons than in the wet seasons: home-range size (larger), home-range shape (more elongate), distance moved by females when feeding (longer), distance between shelter site and home-range centre of activity (longer). Feeding movements of males did not vary seasonally and were as long as dry-season movements of females, suggesting that movements of males are primarily determined by behavioural rather than physiological considerations. The overlap of rock-wallaby home ranges varied little between the sexes or seasons and averaged 38%. Core areas overlapped by an average of 22%; however, feeding adult rock-wallabies rarely met other conspecifics, except their partners. A comparison of the fixes of unpaired wallabies that had overlapping home ranges showed that temporal separation was occurring. In contrast, the home ranges of consort pairs showed extremely high temporal and spatial overlap. Rock-wallabies exhibited strong fidelity to their home ranges. The overlap of the seasonal home ranges and core areas of each individual rock wallaby averaged 68% and 52%, respectively. However, the seasonal home range of a socially immature adult male altered in location and size as he matured socially until it stabilised when he obtained a permanent consort.

Suppression of Autumnal Migratory Unrest in Dark-Eyed Juncos Held During Summer on, Near, or Far From their Previous Wintering Sites

The Auk ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen D. Ketterson ◽  
Val Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
General Information ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Migratory Restlessness ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Junco Hyemalis ◽  
Far North ◽  
General Region

Abstract In previous experiments, Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) were captured on a winter home range to which they had shown year-to-year site fidelity and held there until just before the autumn. They failed to show normal autumn migratory restlessness and fattening, which suggested that previous experience at the migratory destination suppressed readiness to migrate. We asked what the suppressing cues might be. Possibilities included very local features peculiar to the individual's winter home range (e.g. its trees) and cues common to the general region (e.g. geophysical or celestial information); features of the latter sort might give information about latitude. To test these possibilities we monitored autumn restlessness and fattening of new groups of juncos that were held before migration where some could perceive landmarks of their familiar winter home range and others only more general information about their location. In autumn those held at, near, and far south of their winter home ranges again failed to become restless or fat. A small group held far north of their winter home ranges became somewhat restless, significantly more so than the others. These may have perceived that they had not reached their usual winter latitude, but alternative explanations are possible.

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