dry tropics
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2022 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Vieyra-Alberto ◽  
Reyna Elizabeth Zetina-Martínez ◽  
Jaime Olivares-Pérez ◽  
Héctor Hugo Galicia-Aguilar ◽  
Saúl Rojas-Hernández ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 126406
Author(s):  
Lindsay W. Bell ◽  
Evert Y. Hossang ◽  
Skye R. Traill ◽  
Neal P. Dalgliesh ◽  
Esnawan Budisantoso ◽  
...  

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3608
Author(s):  
Fabio Manca ◽  
Carla Wegscheidl ◽  
Rhianna Robinson ◽  
Suzette Argent ◽  
Christopher Algar ◽  
...  

In Australia, declining water quality in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is a threat to its marine ecosystems and nitrate (NO3−) from sugar cane-dominated agricultural areas in the coastal catchments of North Queensland is a key pollutant of concern. Woodchip bioreactors have been identified as a potential low-cost remediation technology to reduce the NO3− runoff from sugar cane farms. This study aimed to trial different designs of bioreactors (denitrification walls and beds) to quantify their NO3− removal performance in the distinct tropical climates and hydrological regimes that characterize sugarcane farms in North Queensland. One denitrification wall and two denitrification beds were installed to treat groundwater and subsurface tile-drainage water in wet tropics catchments, where sugar cane farming relies only on rainfall for crop growth. Two denitrification beds were installed in the dry tropics to assess their performance in treating irrigation tailwater from sugarcane. All trialled bioreactors were effective at removing NO3−, with the beds exhibiting a higher NO3− removal rate (NRR, from 2.5 to 7.1 g N m−3 d−1) compared to the wall (0.15 g N m−3 d−1). The NRR depended on the influent NO3− concentration, as low influent concentrations triggered NO3− limitation. The highest NRR was observed in a bed installed in the dry tropics, with relatively high and consistent NO3− influent concentrations due to the use of groundwater, with elevated NO3−, for irrigation. This study demonstrates that bioreactors can be a useful edge-of-field technology for reducing NO3− in runoff to the GBR, when sited and designed to maximise NO3− removal performance.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Gärtner ◽  
Emad Farahat

Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori, one of 13 species of the Moringaceae family widely distributed throughout the dry tropics, has the potential to become one of the most economically important medicinal plants in Egypt. However, despite its tolerance for drought and heat, it is also threatened by increasing temperatures and decreasing precipitation. Although the phenophase of this species is well documented, almost nothing is known about its period of cambial activity in desert regions. Ring formation and the general environmental adaptability of trees are affected by the timing of cambial activation. In our study site, we observe a distinct coupling of the development of new green leaves at the onset of vegetative growth in October and the phase of cambial activity (November–January). The onset of cambial activity seems to be related to a drop in temperature in October and the onset of torrential rains in the region. There might even be a short phase between the end of cambial activity and the onset of bud formation without xylem formation, but with photosynthetic activity. If so, we assume that all assimilates are stored as non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in the parenchyma of the new ring. This potential gap opens new questions regarding the correlation between NSC storage capacity and the timing of remobilization for subsequent ring formation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-358
Author(s):  
Bruce G. Cook ◽  
Rainer Schultze-Kraft

Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub., a suffruticose leguminous species with spreading prostrate or ascending stems, is widely distributed in the Caribbean region. It was originally described as Hedysarum hamatum by Linnaeus and later transferred to Stylosanthes by Taubert. To date, chromosome analysis of accessions of S. hamata originating from the Caribbean islands has revealed all to be diploids (2n=20). An accession of a morphologically similar Stylosanthes species, collected near Maracaibo in Venezuela in 1965 and subsequently misidentified as S. hamata, has found application as sown forage on low fertility soils in the subhumid to dry tropics since its registration as cultivar Verano in Australia in 1975. This morphotype has been shown to be tetraploid, and has been referred to in the literature as “tetraploid S. hamata” or “S. hamata sensu lato”. More recent work has demonstrated that the tetraploid is in fact an allotetraploid with S. hamata sensu stricto and S. humilis Kunth as the putative diploid progenitors. Various authors have recommended that the allotetraploid be treated as a separate species. We support this recommendation and suggest that, based on the information provided in this paper, the new species be described and validly published following examination of a more exhaustive range of specimens.


Author(s):  
Sunil Singh ◽  
Mahesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Chandra Mohan Kumar ◽  
Priyanka Soni ◽  
Nandita Ghoshal

Author(s):  
Ana Citlaly Zazueta Gutierrez ◽  
Ana Mireya Romo Valdez ◽  
Beatriz Isabel Castro Perez ◽  
Francisco Gerardo Ríos Ríncon

Objective: Review the heat stress mitigation strategies in intensive cattle feedlots in the tropical region of México.Approach: Beef cattle production is one of the principal activities of the agricultural sector; therefore, to maintain the inventory in intensive finishing pens, a considerable number of cattle are moved to geographic areas where climatic conditions are not always favorable for most of the year. High environmental temperature combined with relative humidity create heat stress conditions andconsequently affecting the productive indicators by compromising the physiologicalstability of the cattle.Implications: The improvement of housing conditions to mitigate the effects of heat stress in beef cattle in intensive finishing involves considering living space, available shade area, feeding and watering space that assure the cattle welfare during their stay in livestock production units. Conclusions: Heat stress mitigation strategies in beef cattle during intensive finishing in practical conditions should contribute to animal welfare and them improvement of the productive indicators at the Mexican dry tropics.


2021 ◽  
pp. 105405
Author(s):  
Anna Padovan ◽  
Nachshon Siboni ◽  
Mirjam Kaestli ◽  
William L. King ◽  
Justin R. Seymour ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Rosendo A Alcaraz-Romero ◽  
Javier J. Cantón-Castillo

Objective: To evaluate the effect of irrigation water volume on biomass production andto quantify the nutritional value of green hydroponic maize forage (GHMF) for sheep.Design/Methodology/Approach: Three treatments were used to evaluate waterirrigation volume: T1) 9.48 L m 2 day -1 ; T2) 18.95 L m 2 day -1 ; and T3) 28.43 L m 2 day -1 ,employing a completely randomized statistical block design. To determine nutritionalvalue, four inclusion levels of GHMF were used (0,20.40, 60% BS) in the diet of 16sheep. A completely randomized statistical design was used as well as a linearregression model.Results: A greater weight in fresh biomass of GHMF was observed with T3 (P<0.01).The values of apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, and ADF of GHMF oscillatebetween 80 and 89%. The estimated digestible energy was 3.9 megacalories/kg DM.Study Limitations/Implications: Forage production in the dry tropics is characterizedby being markedly seasonal; however, GHMF represents a viable alternative for therapid and sustainable production of forage with high nutritional value for animals.Findings/Conclusions: The greatest yields in fresh biomass of green hydroponicmaize forage are obtained by using a greater volume of irrigation water. Likewise, the forage has high nutritional value for sheep, with considerable delivery of digestibleenergy, thus it can be used as an excellent source of forage in animal feeding.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline A. Canham ◽  
Clément Duvert ◽  
Leah S. Beesley ◽  
Michael M. Douglas ◽  
Samantha A. Setterfield ◽  
...  

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