scholarly journals Song overlapping, noise, and territorial aggression in great tits

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-814
Author(s):  
Çağlar Akçay ◽  
Y Kağan Porsuk ◽  
Alican Avşar ◽  
Dilan Çabuk ◽  
C Can Bilgin
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Aggressive Behaviors ◽  
Noisy Environments ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Territorial Aggression ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Aggressive Communication

Abstract Communication often happens in noisy environments where interference from the ambient noise and other signalers may reduce the effectiveness of signals which may lead to more conflict between interacting individuals. Signalers may also evolve behaviors to interfere with signals of opponents, for example, by temporally overlapping them with their own, such as the song overlapping behavior that is seen in some songbirds during aggressive interactions. Song overlapping has been proposed to be a signal of aggressive intent, but few studies directly examined the association between song overlapping and aggressive behaviors of the sender. In the present paper, we examined whether song overlapping and ambient noise are associated positively with aggressive behaviors. We carried out simulated territorial intrusions in a population of great tits (Parus major) living in an urban–rural gradient to assess signaling and aggressive behaviors. Song overlapping was associated negatively with aggressive behaviors males displayed against a simulated intruder. This result is inconsistent with the hypothesis that song overlapping is an aggressive signal in this species. Ambient noise levels were associated positively with aggressive behaviors but did not correlate with song rate, song duration, or song overlapping. Great tits in noisy urban habitats may display higher levels of aggressive behaviors due to either interference of noise in aggressive communication or another indirect effect of noise.

scholarly journals Great tits in noisy territories and avoiding overlapping respond stronger to territorial intruders

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Çağlar Akçay ◽  
Y. Kağan Porsuk ◽  
Alican Avşar ◽  
Dilan Çabuk ◽  
C. Can Bilgin
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Noisy Environments ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Aggressive Communication ◽  
Aggressive Behaviours ◽  
Simulated Territorial Intrusion ◽  
Territorial Intrusion

AbstractAnimals often communicate with each other in noisy environments where interference from the ambient noise and other signallers may reduce the effectiveness of signals. Signalling behaviours may also evolve to interfere with signals of their opponents, e.g. by temporally overlapping them with their own, such as the song overlapping behaviour that is seen in some songbirds during aggressive interactions. Song overlapping has been proposed to be a signal of aggressive intent, but few studies directly examined the association between song overlapping and aggressive behaviours of the overlapping bird (the predictive criterion). In the present paper we examined the question of whether song overlapping is correlated with aggressive behaviours displayed during a simulated territorial intrusion in a population of great tits (Parus major) living in an urban-rural gradient. We also examined whether aggressive behaviours are correlated with the ambient noise levels. We found that overlapping was associated negatively with aggressive behaviours males displayed against a simulated intruder. These results fail to support the predictive criterion for song overlapping, raising the question whether overlapping is in fact a signal of aggressive intent. Ambient noise levels were associated positively with aggressive behaviours but did not correlate with song rate, song duration or song overlapping. Great tits in noisy urban habitats may display higher levels of aggressive behaviours due to either interference of noise in aggressive communication or another indirect effect of noise.

Influence of Wind-produced Noise on Orientation in the Sole (Solea solea)

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1258-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Lagardère ◽  
M. L. Bégout ◽  
J. Y. Lafaye ◽  
J. P. Villotte
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Sound Intensity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Orientation Behaviour ◽  
Solea Solea ◽  
Swimming Trajectories

Sole (Solea solea), telemetered in an enclosure using an acoustic positioning system, changed their swimming trajectories and orientation behaviour as a function of wind strength and direction. Monitoring of the spatial variation in both wind-generated currents and noise spectra in the enclosure indicates that these behavioural changes correspond to patterns in the spatial distribution of noise and to sound intensity. Thus, our observations indicate that sole perceives and reacts to horizontal variability in ambient noise levels. Such behaviour may be important in determining movements of fish populations at sea during poor weather conditions.

S254 – Bone Conduction Noise Exposure via Ventilators in the NICU

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P160-P160
Author(s):  
Angela P Black ◽  
James D Sidman
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
High Noise ◽  
Endotracheal Tubes ◽  
Level Meter ◽  
Hearing Damage ◽  
Air Conduction

Objectives To demonstrate that neonatal ventilators produce high noise levels through bone conduction (BC) via endotracheal tubes, as well as air conduction (AC) from ambient noise. Methods A sound level meter was used to measure the noise levels 4 feet from the ventilator and in direct contact at the end of a balloon attached to the ETT to simulate the noise presented to the infant. 3 commonly used neonatal ventilators (Sensormedics 3100A, VIP Bird and Bunnell Jet) were examined. Results Noise levels were significantly higher (6 – 14 dB) at the end of the ETT than 4 ft from the ventilator for all ventilators studied. Conclusions Previous studies have shown high ambient noise levels in NICUs, but have failed to address the actual noise presented to the infant. ETT transmission of noise as a direct bone stimulus through the skull has been overlooked. This study has shown that high noise intensities are being presented not only as AC, but as BC to the infants though the ETT. This study demonstrates, therefore, that ear protection alone will not save these at-risk infants from hearing damage. More must be done to decrease noise exposure and develop quieter machines.

scholarly journals Ambient noise levels in audiometric test rooms

1993 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 2406-2406
Author(s):  
Tom Frank ◽  
Dennis L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Audiometric Test

Evaluation of Remote Categorical Loudness Scaling

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Judy G. Kopun ◽  
McKenna Turner ◽  
Sara E. Harris ◽  
Aryn M. Kamerer ◽  
Stephen T. Neely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Output Level ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Loudness Scaling ◽  
Remote Setting

Purpose: The aims of this study were to (a) demonstrate the feasibility of administering categorical loudness scaling (CLS) tests in a remote setting, (b) assess the reliability of remote compared with laboratory CLS results, and (c) provide preliminary evidence of the validity of remote CLS testing. Method: CLS data from 21 adult participants collected in a home setting were compared to CLS data collected in a laboratory setting from previous studies. Five participants took part in studies in both settings. Precalibrated equipment was delivered to participants who performed headphone output level checks and measured ambient noise levels. After a practice run, CLS measurements were collected for two runs at 1 and 4 kHz. Results: Mean headphone output levels were within 1.5 dB of the target calibration level. Mean ambient noise levels were below the target level. Within-run variability was similar between the two settings, but across-run bias was smaller for data collected in the laboratory setting compared with the remote setting. Systematic differences in CLS functions were not observed for the five individuals who participated in both settings. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that precise stimulus levels can be delivered and background noise levels can be controlled in a home environment. Across-run bias for remote CLS was larger than for in-laboratory CLS, indicating that further work is needed to improve the reliability of CLS data collected in remote settings. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17131856

scholarly journals Ambient Noise Levels in Mobile Audiometric Testing Facilities: Compliance with Industry Standards

AAOHN Journal ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Lankford ◽  
Diane C. Perrone ◽  
Thomas D. Thunder
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Industry Standards

scholarly journals MobiLab – A Mobile Laboratory for On-Site Listening Experiments in Virtual Acoustic Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 875-887
Author(s):  
Florian Pausch ◽  
Janina Fels
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Acoustic Environments ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Insulation Performance

Virtual acoustic environments have demonstrated their versatility for conducting studies in various research areas as they allow easy manipulations of experimental test conditions or simulated acoustic scenes, while providing expansion possibilities to related interdisciplinary and multimodal fields. Although the evolution of auditory and cognitive models is consistently pursued, listening experiments are still considered the gold standard, usually necessitating a large amount of resources, including travel expenses of study participants. In order to facilitate practical and efficient study execution, we therefore implemented a mobile hearing laboratory by acoustically optimising the interior of a caravan. All necessary technical facilities were integrated to perform listening experiments in virtual acoustic environments under controlled conditions directly on site, for example, in front of schools or senior residential centers. The design and construction of this laboratory are presented and evaluated based on insulation properties, selected room acoustic parameters, and interior ambient noise levels that are to be expected during operation at representative test sites. Limitations, particularly in low-frequency insulation performance, should provide incentives for further optimisations in similar future projects.

Ambient Noise Levels in Industrial Audiometric Test Rooms

AIHAJ ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Frank ◽  
Dennis L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Audiometric Test
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