scholarly journals Maternal effects as a mechanism for manipulating male care and resolving sexual conflict over care

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Paquet ◽  
Per T. Smiseth
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Male Care

scholarly journals Motherly love curbs harm: maternal effects can modulate sexual conflict

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto García-Roa ◽  
Gonçalo Faria ◽  
Daniel W.A. Noble ◽  
Pau Carazo
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Good Genes ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Female Reproductive Success ◽  
Offspring Quality ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Commons

Strong sexual selection frequently favours males that increase their reproductive success by harming females, with potentially negative consequences for the growth of populations. Understanding what factors may resolve this reproductive “tragedy of the commons” is a key question in evolutionary biology. Studies addressing the evolution of sexual conflict have so far considered direct effects on male and female reproductive success along with indirect genetic benefits (e.g. good genes) to females. Here, we model the evolution of male harm while incorporating male-induced maternal effects on offspring quality. We show that maternal effects can partially align male and female evolutionary interests, fostering cooperation between the sexes and significantly reducing optimal levels of male harm. This finding fits broadly with available evidence across the tree of life, opening a novel avenue to understand the evolution of sexual conflict.

scholarly journals Parental sex discrimination and intralocus sexual conflict

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 667-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manus M. Patten ◽  
David Haig
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Sexual Antagonism ◽  
Natural Genetic Variation ◽  
Intralocus Sexual Conflict ◽  
Locus Model ◽  
Fitness Consequences

Intralocus sexual conflict occurs when populations segregate for alleles with opposing fitness consequences in the two sexes. This form of selection is known to be capable of maintaining genetic and fitness variation in nature, the extent of which is sensitive to the underlying genetics. We present a one-locus model of a haploid maternal effect that has sexually antagonistic consequences for offspring. The evolutionary dynamics of these maternal effects are distinct from those of haploid direct effects under sexual antagonism because the relevant genes are expressed only in females. Despite this, we find the same opportunity for sexually antagonistic polymorphism at the maternal effect locus as at a direct effect locus. Thus, sexually antagonistic maternal effects may underlie some natural genetic variation. The model we present permits alternative interpretations of how the genes are expressed and how the fitness variation is assigned, which invites a theoretical comparison to models of both imprinted genes and sex allocation.

Reproductive behavior

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Olzer ◽  
Rebecca L. Ehrlich ◽  
Justa L. Heinen-Kay ◽  
Jessie Tanner ◽  
Marlene Zuk
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Female Choice ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Insect Behavior ◽  
Sequential Approach ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Males And Females

Sex and reproduction lie at the heart of studies of insect behavior. We begin by providing a brief overview of insect anatomy and physiology, followed by an introduction to the overarching themes of parental investment, sexual selection, and mating systems. We then take a sequential approach to illustrate the diversity of phenomena and concepts behind insect reproductive behavior from pre-copulatory mate signalling through copulatory sperm transfer, mating positions, and sexual conflict, to post-copulatory sperm competition, and cryptic female choice. We provide an overview of the evolutionary mechanisms driving reproductive behavior. These events are linked by the economic defendability of mates or resources, and how these are allocated in each sex. Under the framework of economic defendability, the reader can better understand how sexual antagonistic behaviors arise as the result of competing optimal fitness strategies between males and females.

scholarly journals A unique mating pattern of Panorpodes kuandianensis (Mecoptera: Panorpodidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Tong ◽  
Lu Jiang ◽  
Bao-Zhen Hua
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Sperm Transfer ◽  
Nuptial Gift ◽  
Mating Pattern ◽  
End To End ◽  
Mating Behaviors ◽  
First Time

Sexually reproductive insects exhibit diverse mating behaviors. However, the mating pattern remains unknown for Panorpodes of Panorpodidae to date. In this study, we investigated the mating behavior and copulatory mechanism of the short-faced scorpionfly Panorpodes kuandianensis Zhong, Zhang and Hua, 2011 for the first time. The results show that the male provides a salivary mass as a nuptial gift to the female and starts to copulate with the female in a V-shaped position, then changes to an end-to-end position by temporarily twisting the female abdominal segments VII−IX by 180°. During mating the basal processes and the basal teeth of the gonostyli and the hypandrium are used to obtain copulation and sustain the coupling of genitalia to secure successful sperm transfer. This unique mating pattern is greatly different from that of other Mecoptera reported and is likely evolved as an adaptation in the context of sexual conflict.

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