EMERGING ADULTHOOD: REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ANDREPRODUCTIVEATTITUDES

The objective assessments of the reproductive health of students of both sexes, enrolled in the bachelor's training program, belonging to the group «emerging adulthood», obtained from the results of medical examinations, are considered. The data on reproductive behavior and reproductive attitudes of students, obtained in the course of a pilot sociological study, are analyzed. A comparison is made with the available literature data, and further in-depth studies are substantiated

Robustness in action: Leg loss does not affect mating success in male harvestmen

Defensive strategies, like other life-history traits favored by natural selection, may pose constraints on reproduction. A common anti-predator defense strategy that increases immediate survival is autotomy—the voluntary release of body parts. This type of morphological damage is considered to impose future costs for reproduction and fitness. We tested an alternative hypothesis that animals are robust (able to withstand and overcome perturbations) to this type of damage and do not experience any fitness costs in reproductive contexts. We explored the effects of experimental leg loss on the reproductive behavior of one species of Neotropical Prionostemma harvestmen. These arachnids undergo autotomy frequently, do not regenerate legs, and their courtship and mating necessitate the use of legs. We assessed the effect of losing different types of legs (locomotor or sensory) on courtship behavior and mating success in males. We found no differences in the mating success or in any measured aspect of reproductive behavior between eight-legged males and males that experienced loss of legs of any type. Additionally, we found that morphological traits related to body size did not predict mating success. Overall, our experimental findings support the null hypothesis that harvestmen are robust to the consequences of morphological damage and natural selection favors strategies that increase robustness. Significance statement In order to survive encounters with predators, animals have evolved many defensive strategies. Some of those behaviors, however, can come with a cost to their overall body condition. For example, some animals can voluntarily lose body parts (tails, legs, etc.) to escape. This process can then affect many aspects of an animal’s life, including reproduction. In a group of harvestmen (daddy long-legs) from Costa Rica, we tested the hypothesis that males are robust to the potential consequences of losing legs, and will not experience costs. We found that males that lost either legs used for locomotion or for sensory perception reproduced in the same way as animals with all of their legs. Consequently, we demonstrate that these arachnids are able to withstand the loss of legs with no effects on reproduction.

Automatic extraction of social network users' attitudes on reproductive behavior issues

В данной работе мы представляем специализированный датасет, с разметкой мнений пользователей о репродуктивном поведении. Мы анализируем особенности распределение оценок «за» и «против» по конкретным аспектам репродуктивного поведения. Созданный датасет используется для решения двух задач классификации: классификации сообщений по релевантности изучаемых тем и позиции автора по той или иной теме. Для классификации сообщений используются классические методы машинного обучения, а также нейросетевая модель BERT. Лучшие результаты классификации в обеих задачах достигаются на основе вариантов модели BERT с использованием в классификации пар предложений — варианты NLI (natural language inference — вывод по тексту) и QA (question-answering — вопросно/̄ответный подход). Кроме того, созданный датасет позволяет сделать содержательные выводы по вопросам отношения пользователей сети ВКонтакте к вопросам репродуктивного поведения. Выявлено, что феномен сознательной бездетности активно представлен в сети, а многодетность остается слабо распространенной моделью поведения. В рамках пронаталистской политики важно формировать позитивное общественное мнение о родительстве, смягчать дефицит времени у родителей.

REPRODUCTIVE ATTITUDES OF THE MODERN NEWLYWEDS: REGIONAL ASPECT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF VLADIKAVKAZ)

В статье рассматриваются репродуктивные установки молодоженов в контексте изменения демографической ситуации в стране. Новизна исследования заключается в анализе репродуктивных установок молодоженов г. Владикавказа как региональной модели репродуктивного поведения, необходимой для понимания проблемы неоднородности развития российского социального пространства в целом. Эмпирическую базу исследования составили молодожены как социальная группа, заключившая брак и репродуктивное поведение которой способно обеспечить стабильное положение детей, повысить эффективность их социализации. В процессе исследования применен метод системного анализа, позволивший рассмотреть репродуктивные установки через социально-демографические, экономические и ценностные факторы. Обозначены этапы формирования репродуктивных установок молодоженов г. Владикавказа как части Северокавказского региона в целом. Представлены результаты исследования, проведенного в январе-сентябре 2021 г. среди 180 мужчин и женщин — 90 пар, зарегистрировавших брак в ЗАГСе г. Владикавказа. Дана социально-экономическая характеристика исследуемой группы. Репродуктивные установки рассмотрены как социально-психическое состояние личности, одним из маркеров которого является потребность в детях − идеальном, желаемом и ожидаемом числе детей. В результате анализа эмпирической базы исследования выявлено следующее: вне зависимости от возраста 100% опрошенных молодоженов г. Владикавказа нацелены на рождение совместных детей в барке, это, безусловно, обусловлено традиционными нормами наличия 2-3 детей в семье. Мотивация у современных молодоженов в XXI в. часто связана с обеспечением стабильного экономического положения. The article discusses the reproductive attitudes of the newlyweds in the context of changing demographic situation in the country. The novelty of the research lies in the analysis of the reproductive attitudes of the newlyweds of Vladikavkaz as a regional model of reproductive behavior necessary for understanding the problem of heterogeneity of the development of the Russian social space as a whole. The empirical basis of the study was made up of newlyweds - as a social group that has entered into marriage and whose reproductive behavior is able to ensure a stable position for children, to increase the effectiveness of their socialization. In the course of the study, the method of system analysis was applied, which allowed us to consider reproductive attitudes through socio-demographic, economic and value factors. The stages of the formation of reproductive attitudes of the newlyweds of Vladikavkaz, as part of the North Caucasus region as a whole, are outlined. The results of the study conducted in January – September 2021 among 180 men and women — 90 couples, who registered marriage in the Vladikavkaz registry office, are presented. The socio-economic characteristics of the studied group are given. Reproductive attitudes are considered as a socio-mental state of the individual, one of the markers of which is the need for children - the ideal, desired and expected number of children. Based on the analysis of the empirical base of the study, it was revealed that, regardless of age, 100% of the surveyed newlyweds in Vladikavkaz are focused on the birth of children, which is due to the regional context of traditional norms of childhood. It is concluded that the need for children among newlyweds is overwhelmingly associated with ensuring stable economic conditions.

Sociocultural determinants of reproductive behaviour of ethnic groups

The article is devoted to consideration of sociocultural determinants of reproductive behavior of ethnic groups. Sociocultural determinants are those conditions (circumstances) that affect the nature of reproductive behavior of ethnic groups. These include social, economic and worldview factors. Depending on how the culture of ethnic community changes, the content of these factors changes. The gender and regional dimension is important in this case.

VISOKO OBRAZOVANjE I PODSTICAJI POPULACIONOM RAZVOJU REPUBLIKE SRBIJE

This paper discusses the current situation in the service sector in the field of higher education in the context of encouraging population development in Serbia. Depopulation is an endemic problem of Serbian society. It is necessary to start looking for an adequate answer to the question of how to encourage population policy in Serbia as soon as possible. In that sense, it is necessary to subject to critical analysis the current Strategy for Encouraging Birth in Serbia, and particularly its part that is dedicated to population education. In addition, it is necessary to consider potential future measures in the field of education, which would be aimed not only at encouraging reproductive behavior, but also towards a more complete and better understanding of population problems and issues.

Reproductive Health and Reproductive Behavior of Modern Youth

The article provides theoretical views on reproductive health, especially women’s health. Preserving the reproductive health of young people and optimizing their reproductive behavior by developing principles for preventing unwanted pregnancies and introducing a set of measures aimed at preventing complications of abortions, subsequent pregnancies and childbirth, and preventing repeated abortions. Keywords: reproductive health, pregnancies, reproductive behavior of young people, maternal mortality, abortion.