scholarly journals Artificial selection on walking distance suggests a mobility-sperm competitiveness trade-off

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1522-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentarou Matsumura ◽  
C Ruth Archer ◽  
David J Hosken ◽  
Takahisa Miyatake
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Selection ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Mate Searching ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Flour Beetles ◽  
Reduced Mobility ◽  
Red Flour Beetles

AbstractSecuring matings is a key determinant of fitness, and in many species, males are the sex that engages in mate searching. Searching for mates is often associated with increased mobility. This elevated investment in movement is predicted to trade-off with sperm competitiveness, but few studies have directly tested whether this trade-off occurs. Here, we assessed whether artificial selection on mobility affected sperm competitiveness and mating behavior, and if increased mobility was due to increased leg length in red flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum). We found that, in general, males selected for decreased mobility copulated for longer, stimulated females more during mating, and tended to be better sperm competitors. Surprisingly, they also had longer legs. However, how well males performed in sperm competition depended on females. Males with reduced mobility always copulated for longer than males with high mobility, but this only translated into greater fertilization success in females from control populations and not the selection populations (i.e. treatment females). These results are consistent with a mate-searching/mating-duration trade-off and broadly support a trade-off between mobility and sperm competitiveness.

scholarly journals Sublethal Exposure to Phosphine Decreases Offspring Production in Strongly Phosphine Resistant Female Red Flour Beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e53356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Ridley ◽  
Seymour Magabe ◽  
David I. Schlipalius ◽  
Michelle A. Rafter ◽  
Patrick J. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Sublethal Exposure ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Flour Beetles ◽  
Red Flour Beetles

EFFECTS OF SUB-LETHAL EXPOSURES TO MALATHION OR CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL ON OFFSPRING PRODUCTION BY SOME STORED-PRODUCT BEETLES

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 1187-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.D.G. White ◽  
R.N. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Female Survivors ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Flour Beetles ◽  
Grain Beetles ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Ground Wheat ◽  
Red Flour Beetles

AbstractExposure of adult rusty grain beetles, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), saw-toothed grain beetles, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), and red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), to filter papers treated with the organophosphorus insecticides malathion or chlorpyrifos-methyl often affected offspring production in survivors. Groups of five male and five female survivors were placed on ground wheat at 30°C and C. ferrugineus and O. surinamensis adults produced fewer offspring with prolonged exposure to chlorpyrifos-methyl; malathion had no effect. Tribolium castaneum adults produced significantly more offspring with increasing exposure to both malathion and chlorpyrifos-methyl indicating stimulation of oviposition or a selection for increased fitness in survivors.

scholarly journals Efficient group-based discovery for wireless sensor networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 155014771771905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengpeng Chen ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Shouwan Gao ◽  
Qiang Niu ◽  
Jun Gu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
Neighbor Discovery ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Low Duty Cycle ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Due to the combination of constrained power, low duty cycle, and high mobility, neighbor discovery is one of the most challenging problems in wireless sensor networks. Existing discovery designs can be divided into two types: pairwise-based and group-based. The former schemes suffer from high discovery delay, while the latter ones accelerate the discovery process but incur too much energy overhead, far from practical. In this article, we propose a novel efficient group-based discovery method based on relative distance, which makes a delicate trade-off between discovery delay and energy consumption. Instead of directly referring to the wake-up schedules of a whole group of nodes, efficient group-based discovery selectively recommends nodes that are most likely to be neighbors, in which the probability is calculated based on the nodes’ relative distance. Moreover, the sequence of received signal strengths are employed to estimate the relative distance for avoiding the effect of the node distribution. Extensive simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the design. The results indicate that efficient group-based discovery statistically achieves a good trade-off between energy cost and discovery latency. Efficient group-based discovery also shows one order of magnitude reduction in discovery delay with a maximum of 6.5% increase in energy consumption compared with typical discovery methods.

scholarly journals The trade-off between investment in weapons and fertility is mediated through spermatogenesis in the leaf-footed cactus bug Narnia femorata

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn Cavender ◽  
Tessa Ricker ◽  
Mackenzie Lyon ◽  
Emily Shelby ◽  
Christine Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Oncopeltus Fasciatus ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Applied Knowledge

Males have the ability to compete for fertilizations through both pre-copulatory and post-copulatory intrasexual competition. Pre-copulatory competition has selected for large weapons and other adaptations to maximize access to females and mating opportunities while post-copulatory competition has resulted in ejaculate adaptations to maximize fertilization success. Negative associations between these strategies support the hypothesis that there is a trade-off between success at pre- and post-copulatory mating success. Recently, this trade-off has been demonstrated with experimental manipulation. Male leaf-footed cactus bugs, Narnia femorata, that lose a weapon by autotomy during development invest instead in large testes. While evolutionary outcomes of the trade-offs between pre- and post-copulatory strategies have been identified, less work has been done to identify proximate mechanisms by which the trade-off might occur, perhaps because the systems in which the trade-offs have been investigated are not ones that have the molecular tools required for exploring mechanism. Here we applied knowledge from a related model species for which we have developmental knowledge and molecular tools, the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus, to investigate the proximate mechanism by which autotomized N. femorata males developed larger testes. Autotomized males had evidence of a higher rate of transit amplification divisions in the spermatogonia, which would result in greater sperm numbers. Identification of mechanisms underlying a trade-off can help our understanding of the direction and constraints on evolutionary trajectories and thus the evolutionary potential under multiple forms of selection.

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