Changes in Ammonia Values of Protein-free Filtrates of Blood During Storage in the Frozen State

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E Wilder
Keyword(s):  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Level ◽  
Blood Ammonia ◽  
Trichloracetic Acid ◽  
Frozen State ◽  
Significant Change

Abstract Protein-free filtrates of blood treated with trichloracetic acid were divided into two or three parts. The ammonia concentration of one of these was determined immediately by the ninhydrin method described by Nathan and Rodkey (1). The others were kept frozen for periods of 1-8 days and then thawed and analyzed. The blood ammonia concentrations calculated from these filtrate values were compared. A significant change in ammonia level during frozen storage was demonstrated.

Glutamine and carbohydrate supplements reduce ammonemia increase during endurance field exercise

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1186-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Carvalho-Peixoto ◽  
Robson Cardilo Alves ◽  
Luiz-Claudio Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Central Fatigue ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Level ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Blood Ammonia ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Field Situation ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Blood ammonia concentration increases during endurance exercise and has been proposed as a cause for both peripheral and central fatigue. We examined the impact of glutamine and (or) carbohydrate supplementation on ammonemia in high-level runners. Fifteen men in pre-competitive training ran 120 min (~34 km) outdoors on 4 occasions. On the first day, the 15 athletes ran without the use of supplements and blood samples were taken every 30 min. After that, each day for 4 d before the next 3 exercise trials, we supplemented the athletes’ normal diets in bolus with carbohydrate (1 g·kg–1·d–1), glutamine (70 mg·kg–1·d–1), or a combination of both in a double-blind study. Blood ammonia level was determined before the run and every 30 min during the run. During the control trial ammonia increased progressively to approximately 70% above rest concentration. Following supplementation, independent of treatment, ammonia was not different (p > 0.05) for the first 60 min, but for the second hour it was lower than in the control (p < 0.05). Supplementation in high-level, endurance athletes reduced the accumulation of blood ammonia during prolonged, strenuous exercise in a field situation.

Preservation of Blood Ammonia by Rapid Freezing-A Method for Delayed Determinations

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 991-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall J Orloff ◽  
Clarence O Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Method ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Blood Ammonia ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Dry Ice ◽  
Dog Blood ◽  
Delayed Measurements ◽  
Frozen State ◽  
And Storage

Abstract A method is described for preservation of blood for delayed determinations of ammonia by rapid freezing of the samples in a dry ice and acetone solution followed by storage of the specimens in the frozen state. The method was evaluated by first establishing the reproducibility of the chemical method used for blood ammonia analysis in 714 consecutive samples of dog blood which were analyzed in duplicate, and then determining whether freezing caused greater changes in ammonia concentration than one would expect knowing the reproducibility of the chemical method. Studies in 200 samples of dog blood with ammonia levels of 16 to 2904 µg./100 ml., each of which was analyzed immediately and after 24 hr. of freezing, showed that freezing and storage for 24 hr. did not significantly affect the blood ammonia content. Studies of 22 samples of frozen dog blood with ammonia levels of 11 to 2624 µg/100 ml., parts of each of which were analyzed daily for 5 consecutive days, showed that storage in the frozen state for up to 72 hr. had no significant effect on the ammonia concentration, but that storage for 96 hr. or longer resulted in increases in blood ammonia beyond acceptable limits. It is concluded that accurate delayed measurements of blood ammonia may be accomplished by rapid freezing of the blood immediately after shedding, and storage of the frozen samples for up to 72 hr.

scholarly journals Blood ammonia level in chronic liver disease: clinical and pathogenetic importance

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 600-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
A P Akhramovich ◽  
V I Sovalkin
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Level ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Blood Ammonia ◽  
Blood Ammonia Level ◽  
Median Level

Aim. To evaluate blood ammonia concentration in patients with chronic liver diseases. Methods. 87 patients with chronic liver disease were examined. Ammonia concentration was determined using the enzymatic test. Results. Ammonia concentrations ranged from 18.16 to 118.36 μmol/l (median 43.7 μmol/l). Depending on blood ammonia level, 2 groups of patients were identified: with blood ammonia level below (first group) and above the median level (second group). The first group included 35 (79.5%) patients with liver cirrhosis and 9 (20.5%) patients with chronic hepatitis, the numbers were similar in the second group: 36 (83.7%) and 7 (26.3%) patients correspondingly. Signs of portal gastropathy were identified in 25 (58.1%) and 26 (60.5%) patients correspondingly, while Helicobacter pylori infection was found in 5 (21.7%) and 8 (31.8%) patients with blood ammonia level below and above the median level correspondingly. Mean ammonia concentration in patients with liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis, with and without portal gastropathy, with mild and severe gastropathy did not differ significantly. Conclusion. Ammonia blood concentration can not reliably indicate liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy development and stage, portal hypertension and collateral development as well as predict gastric lesions.

Respiratory Ammonia Output and Blood Ammonia Concentration During Incremental Exercise

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
W. Ament ◽  
J. Huizenga ◽  
E. Kort ◽  
T. Mark ◽  
R. Grevink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Incremental Exercise ◽  
Blood Ammonia

scholarly journals Effects of dietary energy and nitrogen supplements on rumen fermentation and protozoa population in buffalo and zebu cattle

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Franzolin ◽  
Fabrício Pini Rosales ◽  
Weber Vilas Bôas Soares
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Level ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Rumen Protozoa ◽  
Citrus Pulp

The effects were assessed of two energy sources in concentrate (ground grain corn vs. citrus pulp) and two nitrogen sources (soybean meal vs. urea) on rumen metabolism in four buffaloes and four zebu cattle (Nellore) with rumen cannula and fed in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with feeds containing 60% sugar cane. Energy supplements had no effect on the rumen ammonia concentration in cattle, but ground grain corn promoted higher ammonia level than citrus pulp in buffalo. Urea produced higher ammonia level than soybean meal in both animal species. On average, the buffaloes maintained a lower rumen ammonia concentration (11.7 mg/dL) than the cattle (14.5 mg/dL). Buffaloes had lower production of acetic acid than cattle (58.7 vs. 61.6 mol/100 mol) and higher of propionic acid (27.4 vs. 23.6 mol/100 mol). There was no difference in the butyric acid production between the buffaloes (13.6 mol/100 mol) and cattle (14.8 mol/100 mol) and neither in the total volatile fatty acids concentration (82.5 vs. 83.6 mM, respectively). The energy or nitrogen sources had no effect on rumen protozoa count in either animal species. The zebu cattle had higher rumen protozoa population (8.8 × 10(5)/mL) than the buffaloes (6.1 × 10(5)/mL). The rumen protozoa population differed between the animal species, except for Dasytricha and Charonina. The buffaloes had a lower Entodinium population than the cattle (61.0 vs 84.9%, respectively) and a greater percentage of species belonging to the Diplodiniinae subfamily than the cattle (28.6 vs. 1.4%, respectively). In cattle, ground corn is a better energy source than citrus pulp for use by Entodinium and Diplodiniinae. In the buffaloes, the Entodinium are favored by urea and Diplodiniinae species by soybean meal.

Effect of Acute Exposure to Ammonia on Glutamate Transport in Glial Cells Isolated From the Salamander Retina

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 836-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Mort ◽  
Païkan Marcaggi ◽  
James Grant ◽  
David Attwell
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Glutamate Uptake ◽  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Level ◽  
Glutamate Transport ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Glutamine Synthesis

A rise of brain ammonia level, as occurs in liver failure, initially increases glutamate accumulation in neurons and glial cells. We investigated the effect of acute exposure to ammonia on glutamate transporter currents in whole cell clamped glial cells from the salamander retina. Ammonia potentiated the current evoked by a saturating concentration ofl-glutamate, and decreased the apparent affinity of the transporter for glutamate. The potentiation had a Michaelis-Menten dependence on ammonia concentration, with a K m of 1.4 mM and a maximum potentiation of 31%. Ammonia also potentiated the transporter current produced by d-aspartate. Potentiation of the glutamate transport current was seen even with glutamine synthetase inhibited, so ammonia does not act by speeding glutamine synthesis, contrary to a suggestion in the literature. The potentiation was unchanged in the absence of Cl− ions, showing that it is not an effect on the anion current gated by the glutamate transporter. Ammonium ions were unable to substitute for Na+in driving glutamate transport. Although they can partially substitute for K+ at the cation counter-transport site of the transporter, their occupancy of these sites would produce a potentiation of <1%. Ammonium, and the weak bases methylamine and trimethylamine, increased the intracellular pH by similar amounts, and intracellular alkalinization is known to increase glutamate uptake. Methylamine and trimethylamine potentiated the uptake current by the amount expected from the known pH dependence of uptake, but ammonia gave a potentiation that was larger than could be explained by the pH change, and some potentiation of uptake by ammonia was still seen when the internal pH was 8.8, at which pH further alkalinization does not increase uptake. These data suggest that ammonia speeds glutamate uptake both by increasing cytoplasmic pH and by a separate effect on the glutamate transporter. Approximately two-thirds of the speeding is due to the pH change.

scholarly journals High Blood Ammonia Levels Associated with Long-term Valproic Acids Therapy in Epileptic Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Made Suwarba ◽  
Dyah Kanya Wati ◽  
Ida Bagus Subanada
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Ammonia Level ◽  
Blood Ammonia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acid Therapy ◽  
Blood Ammonia Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Epileptic Children

Background: Valproic acid is an effective drug for controlling seizure in children with epilepsy and it is usually used for treatment as long as two years or more. Blood ammonia level often increased in epileptic children who were treated with long-term valproic acid. The study was conducted to determine the relationship between blood ammonia level with valproic acid therapy in epileptic children.Materials and Methods: This is an observational study with cross-sectional approach. The subjects were 64 children with epilepsy, average age of 6.2 years old. Subjects were 33 boys and 31 girls. Blood ammonia level was examined using enzymatic glutamate dehydrogenase. Subjects were divided into 2 therapeutic groups based on the duration, doses and combination therapy of valproic acid. Subjects were recruited from Pediatric Neurology Clinic, Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia, from May to December 2017. Comparison of blood ammonia level between groups were analyzed using an Independent t-test with significances if the p<0.05. Results: A significant difference of blood ammonia level was found between subjects who were treated with valproic acid less than 2 years and more than 2 years (45.7±16.4 mmol/L vs. 70.9±43.6 mmol/L; p=0.032). However, significant difference was not found between the groups according to the doses and combination therapy (p=0.450 and p=0.647, respectively).Conclusion: Blood ammonia level was significantly higher in epileptic children who used long-term valproic acid, hence it was recommended to check the blood ammonia level routinely.Keywords: ammonia, epilepsy, valproic, children

Comparison of the effect of various amino acids upon the blood ammonia concentration of patients with liver disease

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 916-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rudman ◽  
John T. Galambos ◽  
Robert B. Smith ◽  
Atef A. Salam ◽  
W. Dean Warren
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Blood Ammonia
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document