scholarly journals Progress in the study of genome size evolution in Asteraceae: analysis of the last update

Database ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Vitales ◽  
Pol Fernández ◽  
Teresa Garnatje ◽  
Sònia Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Minor Variation ◽  
Genome Size Evolution ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
The Family ◽  
Size Data

Abstract The Genome Size in Asteraceae Database (GSAD, http://www.asteraceaegenomesize.com) has been recently updated, with data from papers published or in press until July 2018. This constitutes the third release of GSAD, currently containing 4350 data entries for 1496 species, which represent a growth of 22.52% in the number of species with available genome size data compared with the previous release, and a growth of 57.72% in terms of entries. Approximately 6% of Asteraceae species are covered in terms of known genome sizes. The number of source papers included in this release (198) means a 48.87% increase with respect to release 2.0. The significant data increase was exploited to study the genome size evolution in the family from a phylogenetic perspective. Our results suggest that the role of chromosome number in genome size diversity within Asteraceae is basically associated to polyploidy, while dysploidy would only cause minor variation in the DNA amount along the family. Among diploid taxa, we found that the evolution of genome size shows a strong phylogenetic signal. However, this trait does not seem to evolve evenly across the phylogeny, but there could be significant scale and clade-dependent patterns. Our analyses indicate that the phylogenetic signal is stronger at low taxonomic levels, with certain tribes standing out as hotspots of autocorrelation between genome size and phylogeny. Finally, we also observe meaningful associations among nuclear DNA content on Asteraceae species and other phenotypical and ecological traits (i.e. plant habit and invasion ability). Overall, this study emphasizes the need to continue generating and analysing genome size data in order to puzzle out the evolution of this parameter and its many biological correlates.

scholarly journals Hybridization and genome size evolution: timing and magnitude of nuclear DNA content increases in Helianthus homoploid hybrid species

2005 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 623-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Baack ◽  
Kenneth D. Whitney ◽  
Loren H. Rieseberg
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
Genome Size Evolution ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
Homoploid Hybrid

scholarly journals Genome size and endopolyploidy evolution across the moss phylogeny

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian D Bainard ◽  
Steven G Newmaster ◽  
Jessica M Budke
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Likelihood Methods ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Genome Size Evolution ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Methods ◽  
Ancestral Character States

Abstract Background and Aims Compared with other plant lineages, bryophytes have very small genomes with little variation across species, and high levels of endopolyploid nuclei. This study is the first analysis of moss genome evolution over a broad taxonomic sampling using phylogenetic comparative methods. We aim to determine whether genome size evolution is unidirectional as well as examine whether genome size and endopolyploidy are correlated in mosses. Methods Genome size and endoreduplication index (EI) estimates were newly generated using flow cytometry from moss samples collected in Canada. Phylogenetic relationships between moss species were reconstructed using GenBank sequence data and maximum likelihood methods. Additional 1C-values were compiled from the literature and genome size and EI were mapped onto the phylogeny to reconstruct ancestral character states, test for phylogenetic signal and perform phylogenetic independent contrasts. Key Results Genome size and EI were obtained for over 50 moss taxa. New genome size estimates are reported for 33 moss species and new EIs are reported for 20 species. In combination with data from the literature, genome sizes were mapped onto a phylogeny for 173 moss species with this analysis, indicating that genome size evolution in mosses does not appear to be unidirectional. Significant phylogenetic signal was detected for genome size when evaluated across the phylogeny, whereas phylogenetic signal was not detected for EI. Genome size and EI were not found to be significantly correlated when using phylogenetically corrected values. Conclusions Significant phylogenetic signal indicates closely related mosses have more similar genome sizes and EI values. This study supports that DNA content in mosses is defined by small genomes that are highly endopolyploid, suggesting strong selective pressure to maintain these features. Further research is needed to understand the functional significance of DNA content evolution in mosses.

Genome size and genome evolution in diploid Triticeae species

Genome ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1029-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Eilam ◽  
Y. Anikster ◽  
E. Millet ◽  
J. Manisterski ◽  
O. Sagi-Assif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Nuclear Dna Amount ◽  
Speciation Event ◽  
Close Temporal Proximity

One of the intriguing issues concerning the dynamics of plant genomes is the occurrence of intraspecific variation in nuclear DNA amount. The aim of this work was to assess the ranges of intraspecific, interspecific, and intergeneric variation in nuclear DNA content of diploid species of the tribe Triticeae (Poaceae) and to examine the relation between life form or habitat and genome size. Altogether, 438 plants representing 272 lines that belong to 22 species were analyzed. Nuclear DNA content was estimated by flow cytometry. Very small intraspecific variation in DNA amount was found between lines of Triticeae diploid species collected from different habitats or between different morphs. In contrast to the constancy in nuclear DNA amount at the intraspecific level, there are significant differences in genome size between the various diploid species. Within the genus Aegilops , the 1C DNA amount ranged from 4.84 pg in A. caudata to 7.52 pg in A. sharonensis; among genera, the 1C DNA amount ranged from 4.18 pg in Heteranthelium piliferum to 9.45 pg in Secale montanum . No evidence was found for a smaller genome size in annual, self-pollinating species relative to perennial, cross-pollinating ones. Diploids that grow in the southern part of the group’s distribution have larger genomes than those growing in other parts of the distribution. The contrast between the low variation at the intraspecific level and the high variation at the interspecific one suggests that changes in genome size originated in close temporal proximity to the speciation event, i.e., before, during, or immediately after it. The possible effects of sudden changes in genome size on speciation processes are discussed.

Evolution of genome size across some cultivated Allium species

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ricroch ◽  
R Yockteng ◽  
S C Brown ◽  
S Nadot
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Allium Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna Amount

Allium L. (Alliaceae), a genus of major economic importance, exhibits a great diversity in various morphological characters and particularly in life form, with bulbs and rhizomes. Allium species show variation in several cytogenetic characters such as basic chromosome number, ploidy level, and genome size. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the evolution of nuclear DNA amount, GC content, and life form. A phylogenetic approach was used on a sample of 30 Allium species, including major vegetable crops and their wild allies, belonging to the 3 major subgenera Allium, Amerallium, and Rhizirideum and 14 sections. A phylogeny was constructed using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of 43 accessions representing 30 species, and the nuclear DNA amount and the GC content of 24 Allium species were investigated by flow cytometry. For the first time, the nuclear DNA content of Allium cyaneum and Allium vavilovii was measured, and the GC content of 16 species was measured. We addressed the following questions: (i) Is the variation in nuclear DNA amount and GC content linked to the evolutionary history of these edible Allium species and their wild relatives? (ii) How did life form (rhizome or bulb) evolve in edible Allium? Our results revealed significant interspecific variation in the nuclear DNA amount as well as in the GC content. No correlation was found between the GC content and the nuclear DNA amount. The reconstruction of nuclear DNA amount on the phylogeny showed a tendency towards a decrease in genome size within the genus. The reconstruction of life form history showed that rhizomes evolved in the subgenus Rhizirideum from an ancestral bulbous life form and were subsequently lost at least twice independently in this subgenus.Key words: Allium, nuclear DNA amount, GC content, flow cytometry, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), phylogeny, life form.

scholarly journals Strong phylogenetic inertia on genome size and transposable element content among 26 species of flies

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 20160407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Sessegolo ◽  
Nelly Burlet ◽  
Annabelle Haudry
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Element Content ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Inertia ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genome Size Evolution ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
Highly Correlated

While the evolutionary mechanisms driving eukaryote genome size evolution are still debated, repeated element content appears to be crucial. Here, we reconstructed the phylogeny and identified repeats in the genome of 26 Drosophila exhibiting a twofold variation in genome size . The content in transposable elements (TEs) is highly correlated to genome size evolution among these closely related species. We detected a strong phylogenetic signal on the evolution of both genome size and TE content, and a genome contraction in the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup.

Genome size in 21 Artemisia L. species (Asteraceae, Anthemideae): Systematic, evolutionary, and ecological implications

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Torrell ◽  
Joan Vallès
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Ecological Selection ◽  
Ecological Implications

Genome size was estimated by flow cytometry in 24 populations belonging to 22 Artemisia taxa (21 species, 1 with two subspecies), which represent the distinct subgenera, life forms, basic chromosome numbers, and ploidy levels in the genus. 2C nuclear DNA content values range from 3.5 to 25.65 pg, which represents a more than sevenfold variation. DNA content per haploid genome ranges from 1.75 to 5.76 pg. DNA amount is very well correlated with karyotype length and ploidy level. Some variations in genome size have systematic and evolutionary implications, whereas others are linked to ecological selection pressures.Key words: Artemisia, Asteraceae, flow cytometry, genome size, nuclear DNA amount variation, systematics, evolution, ecology.

scholarly journals Genome size in Humulus lupulus L. and H. japonicus Siebold and Zucc. (Cannabaceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Grabowska-Joachimiak ◽  
Elwira Śliwińska ◽  
Magdalena Piguła ◽  
Urszula Skomra ◽  
Andrzej J. Joachimiak
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Diploid Female ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
Karyotype Structure ◽  
Female Genome

We analysed chromosome lengths, karyotype structure, and nuclear DNA content (flow cytometry) in diploid (2n=20) and triploid (2n=30) European <em>H. lupulus</em> var. <em>lupulus</em>, American <em>H. lupulus</em> var. <em>neomexicanus</em> (2n=20) and Japanese ornamental hop, <em>H. japonicus</em> (F/2n=16; M/2n=17). Diploid female representatives of <em>H. lupulus</em> var. <em>lupulus</em> and <em>H. l.</em> var. <em>neomexicanus</em> differed in total length of the basal chromosome set (23.16 µm and 25.99 µm, respectively) and nuclear 2C DNA amount (5.598 pg and 6.064 pg) but showed similar karyotype structure. No deviation from the additivity, both in chromosome length and 2C DNA amount was evidenced in triploid monoecious <em>H. lupulus</em> (2n=30, XXY). <em>H. japonicus</em> showed different karyotype structure, smaller basal chromosome set (F/18.04 µm, M/20.66 µm) and lower nuclear DNA amount (F/3.208 pg and M/3.522 pg). There are first evaluations of nuclear genome size in diploid, not commercial representative of European <em>H. lupulus</em> var. <em>lupulus</em> and American <em>H. lupulus</em> var. <em>neomexicanus</em> and first attempt to determine the absolute male and female genome size in two Humulus species.

PATTERNS OF GENOME SIZE EVOLUTION IN TETRAODONTIFORM FISHES

Evolution ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Brainerd ◽  
Sandra S. Slutz ◽  
Edward K. Hall ◽  
Randall W. Phillis
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Genome Size Evolution ◽  
Size Evolution

Polyploidization and Genome Size Evolution in Australian Billy Buttons (Craspedia, Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 178 (5) ◽  
pp. 352-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Castelli ◽  
Cathy H. Miller ◽  
Alexander N. Schmidt-Lebuhn
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Genome Size Evolution ◽  
Size Evolution
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document