scholarly journals Mapping of Multiple Complementary Sex Determination Loci in a Parasitoid Wasp

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2954-2962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Matthey-Doret ◽  
Casper J van der Kooi ◽  
Daniel L Jeffries ◽  
Jens Bast ◽  
Alice B Dennis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Diploid Males ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Complementary Sex Determination ◽  
Locus System ◽  
Candidate Regions ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Candidate Loci

Abstract Sex determination has evolved in a variety of ways and can depend on environmental and genetic signals. A widespread form of genetic sex determination is haplodiploidy, where unfertilized, haploid eggs develop into males and fertilized diploid eggs into females. One of the molecular mechanisms underlying haplodiploidy in Hymenoptera, the large insect order comprising ants, bees, and wasps, is complementary sex determination (CSD). In species with CSD, heterozygosity at one or several loci induces female development. Here, we identify the genomic regions putatively underlying multilocus CSD in the parasitoid wasp Lysiphlebus fabarum using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing. By analyzing segregation patterns at polymorphic sites among 331 diploid males and females, we identify up to four CSD candidate regions, all on different chromosomes. None of the candidate regions feature evidence for homology with the csd gene from the honey bee, the only species in which CSD has been characterized, suggesting that CSD in L. fabarum is regulated via a novel molecular mechanism. Moreover, no homology is shared between the candidate loci, in contrast to the idea that multilocus CSD should emerge from duplications of an ancestral single-locus system. Taken together, our results suggest that the molecular mechanisms underlying CSD in Hymenoptera are not conserved between species, raising the question as to whether CSD may have evolved multiple times independently in the group.

scholarly journals Mapping of multiple complementary sex determination loci in a parasitoid wasp

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Matthey-Doret ◽  
Casper J. van der Kooi ◽  
Daniel L. Jeffries ◽  
Jens Bast ◽  
Alice B. Dennis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Diploid Males ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Complementary Sex Determination ◽  
Candidate Regions

AbstractSex determination has evolved in a variety of ways and can depend on environmental and genetic signals. A widespread form of genetic sex determination is haplodiploidy, where unfertilized, haploid eggs develop into males and fertilized diploid eggs into females. One of the molecular mechanisms underlying haplodiploidy in Hymenoptera, a large insect order comprising ants, bees and wasps, is known as complementary sex determination (CSD). In species with CSD, heterozygosity at one or several loci induces female development. Here, we identify the genomic regions putatively underlying multi-locus CSD in the parasitoid wasp Lysiphlebus fabarum using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing. By analysing segregation patterns at polymorphic sites among 331 diploid males and females, we identify four CSD candidate regions, all on different chromosomes. None of the candidate regions feature evidence for homology with the csd gene from the honeybee, the only species in which CSD has been characterized, suggesting that CSD in L. fabarum is regulated via a novel molecular mechanism. Moreover, no homology is shared between the candidate loci, in contrast to the idea that multi-locus CSD should emerge from duplications of an ancestral single-locus system. Taken together, our results suggest that the molecular mechanisms underlying CSD in Hymenoptera are not conserved between species, raising the question as to whether CSD may have evolved multiple times independently in the group.Author summaryThe genetic or environmental signals that govern whether an organism develops into a male or female differ across species, and understanding their evolution is a key aspect of biology. In this paper, we focus on complementary sex determination (CSD), a genetic sex determination system found in many species of bees, ants and wasps where heterozygosity at one or multiple genetic regions determines the sex of the individual. We identify multiple genetic regions in the parasitoid wasp species Lysiphlebus fabarum that are likely underlying CSD. We show that these candidate CSD regions share no similarity with each other and that they differ from the CSD region known in the honey bee, the only species with a well-characterized CSD system. Our results suggest a different molecular mechanism underlying CSD in the wasp and that multiple CSD regions do not necessarily arise from duplications as generally thought.

scholarly journals Absence of complementary sex determination in Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan-quan Liu ◽  
Jin-cheng Zhou ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Qian-jin Dong ◽  
Su-fang Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Brood Size ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Diploid Male ◽  
Diploid Males ◽  
Offspring Sex Ratio ◽  
Complementary Sex Determination

Over 60 species in Hymenoptera have been reported to possess a complementary sex determination (CSD) system. Under CSD, sex is determined by allelic complementation at one or several sex loci. But this mechanism is still uninvestigated in parasitoid wasp Trichogramma dendrolimi, one of the most important biocontrol agents widely used against Lepidopteran pests. We tested CSD in this species by conducting ten consecutive generations of inbreeding, to monitor both direct evidence (diploid male production) and indirect evidence (brood size, sex ratio, mortality). In total 475 males detected from this inbreeding regime, only one was determined as diploidy. The observed proportions of diploid male offspring significantly differed from expected values under CSD model involving up to ten independent loci, allowing us to safely reject CSD in T. dendrolimi. Meanwhile, the possibility of unviable diploid males was excluded by the absence of significant differences in brood size, offspring sex ratio and offspring mortality among different generations. Our study of sex determination in T. dendrolimi provides useful information for the mass rearing conditions in a biofactory and the quality improvement of this biocontrol agent. It also brings necessary background to further study of the sex determination in Trichogramma.

scholarly journals Absence of complementary sex determination in Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan-quan Liu ◽  
Jin-cheng Zhou ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Qian-jin Dong ◽  
Su-fang Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Brood Size ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Diploid Male ◽  
Diploid Males ◽  
Offspring Sex Ratio ◽  
Complementary Sex Determination

Over 60 species in Hymenoptera have been reported to possess a complementary sex determination (CSD) system. Under CSD, sex is determined by allelic complementation at one or several sex loci. But this mechanism is still uninvestigated in parasitoid wasp Trichogramma dendrolimi, one of the most important biocontrol agents widely used against Lepidopteran pests. We tested CSD in this species by conducting ten consecutive generations of inbreeding, to monitor both direct evidence (diploid male production) and indirect evidence (brood size, sex ratio, mortality). In total 475 males detected from this inbreeding regime, only one was determined as diploidy. The observed proportions of diploid male offspring significantly differed from expected values under CSD model involving up to ten independent loci, allowing us to safely reject CSD in T. dendrolimi. Meanwhile, the possibility of unviable diploid males was excluded by the absence of significant differences in brood size, offspring sex ratio and offspring mortality among different generations. Our study of sex determination in T. dendrolimi provides useful information for the mass rearing conditions in a biofactory and the quality improvement of this biocontrol agent. It also brings necessary background to further study of the sex determination in Trichogramma.

scholarly journals Diploid males of Scaptotrigona depilis are able to join reproductive aggregations (Apidae, Meliponini)

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Ayrton Vollet-Neto ◽  
Charles Fernando dos Santos ◽  
Leandro Rodrigues Santiago ◽  
Denise de Araujo Alves ◽  
Júlia Pinheiro de Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Population Viability ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Diploid Males ◽  
Population Extinction ◽  
Complementary Sex Determination ◽  
Determination System ◽  
Sex Determination System ◽  
Reproductive Aggregation

The sex determination system in the eusocial stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponini) is based on the combination of alleles at the complementary sex determination (CSD) locus. In this system, males are haploid and females are diploid. However, diploid males can develop from fertilized eggs when they are homozygous at single or multiple sex loci. The production of such males can negatively affect population viability, since they are usually infertile or inviable. Moreover, when they are viable but infertile, or siring sterile triploid offspring, this could cause another load on the population, leading the fertilized offspring of other females to be only haploid males or triploid sterile daughters. In this context, our aim was to verify whether diploid males of the stingless bee Scaptotrigonadepilis do in fact join reproductive aggregations. We showed that of 360 marked males from two different colonies, five were participating in a reproductive aggregation ca. 20 meters from their natal colonies. Using microsatellites markers, it was confirmed that three of these five males were diploid. They were captured in the mating aggregations when they were 15 to 20 days old. Further research is necessary to determine the mating success of stingless bee diploid males under natural conditions and to determine their impact on stingless bee population extinction risks.

scholarly journals Sterile males in a parasitoid wasp with complementary sex determination: from fitness costs to population extinction

BMC Ecology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Fauvergue ◽  
Anna Chuine ◽  
Chloé Vayssade ◽  
Alexandra Auguste ◽  
Emmanuel Desouhant
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Population Extinction ◽  
Complementary Sex Determination

scholarly journals Haploid Females in the Parasitic Wasp Nasonia vitripennis

Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 315 (5809) ◽  
pp. 206-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo W. Beukeboom ◽  
Albert Kamping ◽  
Marina Louter ◽  
Laas P. Pijnacker ◽  
Vaishali Katju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Female Development ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Diploid Males ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Flow Cytometric

The insect order of Hymenoptera (ants, bees, sawflies, and wasps) consists almost entirely of haplodiploid species. Under haplodiploidy, males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid, whereas females develop from fertilized eggs and are diploid. Although diploid males commonly occur, haploid females have never been reported. In analyzing the phenomenon of gynandromorphism in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis, we found a line that generates complete phenotypic females from unfertilized eggs. These females have ovaries, can lay eggs, and are haploid, as shown by cytological and flow cytometric analyses. The data show that diploidy is not necessary for female development.

scholarly journals Absence of Complementary Sex Determination in the Parasitoid Wasp Genus Asobara (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e60459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Juan Ma ◽  
Bram Kuijper ◽  
Jetske G. de Boer ◽  
Louis van de Zande ◽  
Leo W. Beukeboom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Complementary Sex Determination

scholarly journals Diploid male production correlates with genetic diversity in the parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens: a genetic approach with new microsatellite markers

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Collet ◽  
Chloé Vayssade ◽  
Alexandra Auguste ◽  
Laurence Mouton ◽  
Emmanuel Desouhant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Diploid Male ◽  
Diploid Males ◽  
Venturia Canescens ◽  
Captive Populations

AbstractSex determination is ruled by haplodiploidy in Hymenoptera, with haploid males arising from unfertilized eggs and diploid females from fertilized eggs. However, diploid males with null fitness are produced under Complementary Sex Determination (CSD), whenindividuals are homozygous for this locus. Diploid males are expected to be more frequent in genetically eroded populations (such as islands and captive populations), as genetic diversity at the csd locus should be low. However, only a few studies have focused on the relation between population size, genetic diversity and the proportion of diploid males in the field. Here, we developed new microsatellites markers in order to assess and compare genetic diversity and diploid male proportion in populations from three distinct habitat types (mainland, island or captive), in the parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens. Eroded genetic diversity and higher diploid male proportion were found in island and captive populations, and habitat type had large effect on genetic diversity. Therefore, diploid male proportion reflects the decreasing genetic diversity in small and isolated populations. Thus, Hymenopteran populations can be at high extinction risk due to habitat destruction or fragmentation.

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