scholarly journals A TEST FOR RARE MALE MATING ADVANTAGE WITH DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA KARYOTYPES

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-589
Author(s):  
Wyatt W Anderson ◽  
Celeste J Brown
Keyword(s):  
Mating Success ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Mating Advantage ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Statistical Artifact

ABSTRACT Recent work has called into question the reality of the rare male mating advantage, pointing out that it could be a statistical artifact of marking flies for behavioral observation or of experimental bias in collecting males. We designed an experiment to test for rare male mating advantage that avoids these sources of bias. Large numbers of males of three Drosophila pseudoobscura karyotypes were allowed to mate with females of one karyotype in population cages. The females were then isolated before multiple mating occurred and their progeny used to diagnose the males that mated them. Populations were studied at five sets of male karyotypic frequencies. The mating success of the male homokaryotypes ST/ST and CH/CH, relative to that of the heterokaryotype ST/CH, was frequency dependent. Both ST/ST and CH/CH males displayed a statistically significant mating advantage at low frequency by comparision with their mating success in the midrange of karyotypic frequencies. Both male homokaryotypes also showed a significantly greater mating success at high homokaryotypic frequency than at intermediate frequencies, which is the same as saying that the heterokaryotype not only failed to show a rare male advantage but actually suffered a mating disadvantage at low frequency. We conclude that rare male mating advantage is not always an experimental or methodological artifact but does occur in laboratory populations of D. pseudoobscura. It may occur for some genotypes and not for others, however, and it may be only one of several forms of frequency-dependent mating behavior operating in a population.

scholarly journals A RARE-MALE ADVANTAGE IN THE HOUSEFLY INDUCED BY WING CLIPPING AND SOME GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR DROSOPHILA

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-993
Author(s):  
Edwin H Bryant ◽  
Aykut Kence ◽  
Kay T Kimball
Keyword(s):  
Mating Success ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Statistical Bias ◽  
Minority Males ◽  
Male Advantage ◽  
Experimental Bias ◽  
Mating Advantage ◽  
Rare Males ◽  
Existing Data

ABSTRACT Multiple-choice crosses among five geographic strains of the housefly, Musca domestica L., were carried out in equal (10:10) and low-frequency (4:16) ratios. Initially, a low-frequency-male mating advantage was apparent, but further analyses related this minority advantage to a reduction of male mating success during marking by wing clipping. When there are fluctuating differences in the level of sexual vigor between competing male types over replicate trials of a cross, a mating advantage will accrue to the minority type. Even if males from the two competing strains are equally vigorous, such fluctuating differences will occur during sampling of flies. Harming the flies during marking will serve to enhance this effect and make significant departures toward greater mating success of rare males highly likely. This statistical bias in favor of minority males was substantiated in simulations of the Kence-Bryant model of mating success and compared with our results of a minority advantage in the housefly and with published results of a minority advantage in Drosophila. Our evidence, though circumstantial, that an advantage to minority males could have been induced by such an experimental bias suggests that a re-examination of existing data, as well as new experimentation, is necessary to discern whether or not a real rare-male advantage exists.

Longevity and Male Mating Success in Drosophila pseudoobscura

1981 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Taylor ◽  
Cindra Condra ◽  
Michael Conconi ◽  
Mary Prout
Keyword(s):  
Mating Success ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Male Mating Success

scholarly journals Male-lure type, lure dosage, and fly age at feeding all influence male mating success in Jarvis’ fruit fly

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suk-Ling Wee ◽  
Anthony R. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Mating Success ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Raspberry Ketone ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Mating Advantage ◽  
Mating Performance

Abstract Males of certain Dacini fruit flies are strongly attracted to, and feed upon, plant secondary compounds such as methyl eugenol, raspberry ketone and zingerone. The consumed lure is generally found to induce physiological and behavioural changes that enhance the mating performance of lure-fed males. Male Bactrocera jarvisi respond strongly to zingerone from a young age, but only weakly respond to raspberry ketone. We hypothesized that this selective lure-response would be reflected in the physiological importance of the lure to the fly. We found that zingerone feeding by young males resulted in significantly greater mating success in competitive mating trials with lure-deprived flies, but the mating advantage was lost in older males. Lure dosage had a significant effect on the duration of the mating advantage, for example when fed 20 µg of zingerone, the advantage lasted only 1 day post-feeding, but when fed of 50 µg zingerone the advantage lasted 7 days. Raspberry ketone feeding did not confer any mating advantage to males except at one dosage (50 µg) for 1 day after feeding. When given a choice, B. jarvisi females preferred to mate with zingerone-fed versus to raspberry ketone-fed males. This study revealed lure, dosage and age of fly at time of lure administration are all important factors for maximising lure-enhanced fruit fly mating performance. These findings contribute to a better theoretical understanding of the evolution of fruit fly-lure interactions and may help improve fruit fly pest management via the Sterile Insect Technique through semiochemical-mediated enhancement of sterile male mating performance.

scholarly journals Evidence for selection by male mating success in natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura.

1979 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 1519-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Anderson ◽  
L. Levine ◽  
O. Olvera ◽  
J. R. Powell ◽  
M. E. de la Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Success ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Male Mating Success

scholarly journals Behavioral Paternity Predicts Genetic Paternity in Satin Bowerbirds (Ptilonorhynchus Violaceus), A Species With a Non-Resource-Based Mating System

The Auk ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 857-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila M. Reynolds ◽  
Katie Dryer ◽  
Jonathan Bollback ◽  
J. Albert C. Uy ◽  
Gail L. Patricelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Male Mating Success ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Ptilonorhynchus Violaceus ◽  
Satin Bowerbird ◽  
Satin Bowerbirds

Abstract The potential for differences between genetic paternity and paternity inferred from behavioral observation has long been recognized. These differences are associated with the challenge for females of seeking both genetic and material benefits; this challenge is less severe in species with polygynous, non-resource-based mating systems (such as leks) than in those with resource-based systems. We present the first study of paternity patterns in a non-resource-based species that does not form true leks. We compared paternity inferred from observed mating behavior to genetically assigned paternity in the Satin Bowerbird (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus) using eight microsatellite markers. Mating behavior was observed and recorded via automated video-cameras positioned at all bowers (29–34 bowers each year) in the study site throughout each mating season. We obtained blood samples and identified mothers for 11 chicks in 9 nests. For all chicks, the most likely genetic father had been observed to mate with the mother in the year the chick was sampled. All most likely genetic fathers were assigned with high confidence and all were bower-holding males. These results demonstrate that genetic paternity can be inferred from observed mating behavior with reasonable confidence in Satin Bowerbirds. Observed male mating-success is therefore a reliable predictor of reproductive success, and this suggests that high skew in observed male mating-success translates directly to high skew in reproductive success. La Paternidad Comportamental Predice la Paternidad Genética en Ptilonorhynchus violaceus, una Especie con un Sistema de Apareamiento que No Está Basado en los Recursos

VIRGIN-MALE MATING ADVANTAGE IN SAGEBRUSH CRICKETS: DIFFERENTIAL MALE COMPETITIVENESS OR NON-INDEPENDENT FEMALE MATE CHOICE?

Behaviour ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 136 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1335-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracie Ivy ◽  
Scott Sakaluk
Keyword(s):  
Mating Success ◽  
Hind Wing ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Mating Advantage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Virgin Male ◽  
Cyphoderris Strepitans

AbstractFemale sagebrush crickets (Cyphoderris strepitans) feed on males' fleshy hind wings during copulation and ingest haemolymph oozing from the wounds they inflict. The wounds are not fatal and usually only a portion of the hind wings are eaten at any one mating, so that mated males are not precluded from mating again. However, based on their relative abundance in the population, virgin males have a higher mating success than non-virgin males. One explanation for this virgin-male mating advantage is that non-virgin males, having been depleted of their energy reserves through the wing-feeding behaviour of their mates, are unable to sustain the same level of acoustic signalling they produce prior to copulation. Previous assays of male signalling behaviour have provided some support to this hypothesis. However, an alternative explanation is that females actively seek out virgin males as mates because of the greater material resources they offer. If the acoustic structure of males' signals were systematically altered by the loss of hind-wing material underlying the sound-producing tegmina, females could potentially discriminate against mated males through reduced phonotaxis to their calls. We tested this hypothesis by experimentally removing one hind wing from virgin males, thereby simulating the non-virgin condition without the attendant costs of copulation. We compared the mating success of these 'asymmetrical' males with that of sham-operated virgin males when competing under natural conditions. In a companion laboratory study, we used time-lapse video recording to examine the possibility that female preferences are exerted only after pair formation has occurred. There was no significant difference in male mating success across treatments in either study. We conclude, therefore, that the virgin-male mating advantage does not stem from an acoustically mediated, non-independent female mating preference, but rather, from the differential competitiveness of males.

scholarly journals Sexual Selection of Male Song in Free-Living Sagebrush Crickets, Cyphoderris Strepitans

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Geoff Ower ◽  
Sandra Steiger ◽  
Kyle Caron ◽  
Scott Sakaluk
Keyword(s):  
Mating Success ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Proximate Mechanisms ◽  
Mating Advantage ◽  
Train Duration ◽  
Virgin Male ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Cyphoderris Strepitans ◽  
Long Pulse

Measures of lifetime mating success in the sagebrush cricket, Cyphoderris strepitans, have revealed that most males succeed in obtaining only 1 mating, while many males fail to attract a female at all and a small minority mate 2 to 4 times. Relative to their abundance in the population, virgin males have a greater likelihood of obtaining a mating than non-virgin males have of securing additional matings, a phenomenon known as the virgin male mating advantage. Previous studies of sagebrush crickets have focused primarily on determining the proximate mechanisms responsible for the virgin male mating advantage, but little work has been done to identify the factors that influence male attractiveness in the first place. Because song plays a central role in mate attraction, it’s likely that variability in song parameters among males could account for the observed differences in mating success. Song is an energetically costly signal to produce and could serve as an honest indicator of male quality. Consequently, males that are able to invest greater amounts of energy into singing should be more attractive to females. In a previous field season, we recorded and analyzed the songs of virgin and non-virgin males and indeed found some evidence that females prefer males which invest greater energy into calling. In the present study, we synthesized artificial sagebrush cricket songs and directly measured female song preference with an arena playback experiment. Females were shown to consistently prefer song characteristics that would require greater energy expenditure by males. Males that sing with long pulse duration, long train duration, and at an intermediate dominant frequency were found to be highly attractive to females.

scholarly journals Perturbation-reperturbation test of selection vs. hitchhiking of the two major alleles of Esterase-5 in Drosophila pseudoobscura.

Genetics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Arnason
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Selective Neutrality ◽  
Power Set ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Linkage Effects

Abstract A perturbation-reperturbation tests selective neutrality of 100/100/100/100/100 and 106/100/100/100/100, the two most common alleles at the highly polymorphic X-linked locus Esterase-5 in Drosophila pseudoobscura. A total of 22 replicate populations are set up in cages, 11 start at a high frequency of 76% (U) and 11 at a low frequency of 21% (N) of the 106 allele. Allele frequencies change directionally and decrease in both U and N populations as groups and reach equilibria of 60 and 14%, respectively, after 200-300 days. These changes suggest natural selection. A hypothesis of balancing selection accounts for the pattern and predicts a dynamic equilibrium. A rival neutral hypothesis accounts for the pattern equally well by postulating hitchhiking and breakup of linkage leaving the Est-5 variants to drift at neutral equilibria. A reperturbation of allele frequencies in each population, creating 22 additional reperturbed populations EN and EU, with the original populations as controls, directly addresses the question of balancing selection or hitchhiking and breakup of linkage effects. Allele frequencies do not change directionally among the reperturbed populations as a group. The hypothesis of balancing selection is rejected in favor of the hypothesis of initial hitchhiking and dissipated linkage effects. The power of the experimental design to detect selection is studied by simulation. Within the limits of power set by the design, it is concluded that the 100 and 106 are iso-fitness alleles of Est-5 under the environmental conditions of the laboratory populations. The requirements of a method of perturbation and reperturbation are discussed.

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