scholarly journals PARTIAL SELFING AND LINKAGE: THE EFFECT OF A HETEROTIC LOCUS ON A NEUTRAL LOCUS

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-315
Author(s):  
Curtis Strobeck
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Locus Model ◽  
Neutral Locus ◽  
Heterotic Locus

ABSTRACT Equilibria are determined for the two-locus model in a partially selfing population when one locus is neutral and the other locus is heterotic. At an equilibrium point, the frequency of heterozygotes at the neutral locus is greater than that expected from one-locus theory, even if the heterotic locus is on a different chromosome. Thus, the neutral locus also appears to be heterotic. The magnitude of this effect is determined for several different proportions of selfing and amounts of recombination.

scholarly journals The three locus model with multiplicative fitness values

1973 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis Strobeck
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linkage Equilibrium ◽  
Locus Model ◽  
Locus System ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

SUMMARYThe necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of the equilibrium point with no linkage disequilibrium are obtained for the three locus model with multiplicative fitnesses. It is shown that there are six inequalities that must be satisfied in order for this equilibrium to be stable. Three of the inequalities require that there be heterozygotic superiority at all loci. The other three are exactly those inequalities which are required for each pair of loci to be stable with linkage equilibrium if they are considered to be an isolated two locus system. Thus, all the information needed to determine the stability of this equilibrium with three loci is contained in one and two locus theory.

scholarly journals O Ensino de Álgebra Linear para Engenharias utilizando o Scilab: aspectos matemáticos e computacionais / Teaching of Linear Algebra to Engineering Students using Scilab: mathematical and computational aspects

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Rodrigues Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
Linear Algebra ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Algebraic Thinking ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Computers ◽  
Special Linear ◽  
Computational Aspects ◽  
Teaching Learning

ABSTRACTThe teaching of Algebra, in special Linear Algebra, to engineering students, come changing its focus since the popularization of personal computers. Various specialized softwares has been developed and has become feasible to pay more attention in the algebraic thinking to solve problems and minus attention in the calculus itself. But one needs to be careful to not go to the extreme of this teaching-learning process. The teaching of Algebra using computational software must not mean the teaching of a sequence of commands and its syntaxes. On the other hand, it must not mean to memorize a sequence of definitions and theorems. So we propose a equilibrium point based on our experience with students of engineering that attended in our lessons of Algebra with Scilab software.RESUMOO ensino de álgebra, especialmente álgebra linear (AL), para estudantes de engenharia, vem mudando seu foco desde a populariozação dos computadores pessoais. Diversos softwares especializados têm sido desenvolvidos e tornado possível prestar mais atenção ao pensamento algébrico para a solução de problemas do que ao cálculo em si. Mas é necessário ter-se cuidado para não ocupar os extremos nesse processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O ensino de álgebra usando softwares não deve significar ensinar uma sequência de comandos e suas sintaxes. Também não deve significar memorizar uma sequência de definições e teoremas. Assim, propõe-se um ponto de equilíbrio baseado na experiência com estudantes de engenharia que participaram das aulas de AL utilizando o Scilab.

Equilibrium points for three games based on the Poisson process

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 627-638
Author(s):  
M. T. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Process ◽  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
Transition Matrix ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Player Game

An arbitrary number of competitors are presented with independent Poisson streams of offers consisting of independent and identically distributed random variables having the uniform distribution on [0, 1]. The players each wish to accept a single offer before a known time limit is reached and each aim to maximize the expected value of their offer. Rejected offers may not be recalled, but they are passed on to the other players according to a known transition matrix. This paper finds equilibrium points for two such games, and demonstrates a two-player game with an equilibrium point under which the player with the faster stream of offers has a lower expected reward than his opponent.

Equilibrium points for three games based on the Poisson process

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Process ◽  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
Transition Matrix ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Player Game

An arbitrary number of competitors are presented with independent Poisson streams of offers consisting of independent and identically distributed random variables having the uniform distribution on [0, 1]. The players each wish to accept a single offer before a known time limit is reached and each aim to maximize the expected value of their offer. Rejected offers may not be recalled, but they are passed on to the other players according to a known transition matrix. This paper finds equilibrium points for two such games, and demonstrates a two-player game with an equilibrium point under which the player with the faster stream of offers has a lower expected reward than his opponent.

scholarly journals Combate biológico de Hydrilla verticillata Vahl con carpa herbívora (Ctenopharyngodon idella Vía).

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Manuel Rojas ◽  
Renán Agüero A.
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
The Third

Hydrilla verticillata has become an important aquatic weed of irrigation canals at some rice farms of Guanacaste, Costa Rica. This species slows water flow, often causing flooding in adjacent roads, its control increases overall production costs. To evaluate efficiency of the grass carp in controlling Hydrilla three trials were conducted, with varying densities of the fish. In the preliminary trial, 987 kg/ha of grass carp reduced Hydrilla biomass in nearly 62 m3 in 21 days. During the second trial, treatments with 1264 and 2042 kg/ha of the fish completely eliminated the weed after 30 days. However, during the third trial, 1000 kg/ha of the carp only reduced Hydrilla volume in 19 m3, after 66 days. The ratio kg of carp/initial volume of Hydrilla proved to be more important than just the kg/ha of the carp. It was observed that when such ratio was lower than 0.02, the carp did not provide a satisfactory control of Hydrilla; on the other hand, a ratio higher than 0.05 significantly reduced the weed's biomass. The equilibrium point between weed regrowth and biomass consumed by the carp occurred at a ratio close to 0.03.

scholarly journals A simple CPG-based model to generate human hip moment pattern in walking by generating stiffness and equilibrium point trajectories

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Bahramian ◽  
Farzad Towhidkhah ◽  
Sajad Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Double Pendulum ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Point Trajectories ◽  
Pattern Generators

AbstractEquilibrium point hypothesis (its developed version named as referent control theory) presents a theory about how the central nerves system (CNS) generates human movements. On the other hand, it has been shown that nerves circuits known as central pattern generators (CPG) likely produce motor commands to the muscles in rhythmic motions. In the present study, we designed a bio-inspired walking model, by coupling double pendulum to CPGs that produces equilibrium and stiffness trajectories as reciprocal and co-activation commands. As a basic model, it is has been shown that this model can regenerate pattern of a hip moment in the swing phase by high correlation (ρ = 0.970) with experimental data. Moreover, it has been reported that a global electromyography (EMG) minima occurs in the mid-swing phase when the hip is more flexed in comparison with the other leg. Our model showed that equilibrium and actual hip angle trajectories match each other in mid-swing, similar to the mentioned posture, that is consistent with previous findings. Such a model can be used in active exoskeletons and prosthesis to make proper active stiffness and torque.

SELECTION IN COMPLEX GENETIC SYSTEMS III. AN EFFECT OF ALLELE MULTIPLICITY WITH TWO LOCI

Genetics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-347
Author(s):  
Marcus W Feldman ◽  
Richard C Lewontin ◽  
Ian R Franklin ◽  
Freddy B Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Locus Model ◽  
Tight Linkage ◽  
Genetic Systems ◽  
Stable Equilibria

ABSTRACT A two-locus model with three alleles at one locus and two at the other is studied. The viability system is such that all double heterozygotes have fitness unity, all single heterozygotes have fitness w < 1 and all double homozygotes have fitness w2. The following are the major findings: 1. There are more stable equilibria for tight linkage than in the corresponding three-locus model, even though the number of chromosomes is lower. 2. The equilibria stable for tight linkage do not belong to a unique high complementarity class, as is the case for two alleles at each locus. Instead the strength of selection determines the structure of the equilibrium. 3. The increase in number of alleles seems to reduce the possible extent of assocation between the loci. 4. The measure of this association is not well defined, although we have suggested a statistically standard way of getting over this. 5. A mutation introduced while a population is in linkage disequilibrium may, per medium only of the change in number of alleles, destroy the linkage disequilibrium.

scholarly journals WHEN ASPIRING AND RATIONAL AGENTS STRIVE TO COORDINATE

2007 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 461-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAIDEEP ROY
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
The Other ◽  
Static Equilibrium ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Rational Agents ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Speed Of Evolution

The paper studies a game of common interest played infinitely many times between two players, one being aspiration driven while the other being a myopic optimizer. It is shown that the only two long run stationary outcomes are the two static equilibrium points. Robustness of long run behavior is studied to show that whenever the optimizer is allowed to make small mistakes, players are able to coordinate on the Pareto dominant equilibrium point most of the time in the long run if the speed of evolution of aspirations is sufficiently fast. However, when only the aspiring player is allowed to make small mistakes, achieving coordination is inevitable and independent of the speed at which aspirations evolve.

AN EXTENDED ŠIL'NIKOV HOMOCLINIC THEOREM AND ITS APPLICATIONS

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (05) ◽  
pp. 1679-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
BAOYING CHEN ◽  
TIANSHOU ZHOU ◽  
GUANRONG CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
Homoclinic Orbit ◽  
Chaotic Attractor ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Numbers ◽  
New Chaotic System ◽  
Focus Type

The classical Šil'nikov homoclinic theorem provides an analytic criterion for proving the existence of chaos in three-dimensional autonomous systems, but it can only be applied to systems with fixed points of the saddle-focus type. This paper extends this powerful theorem to a degenerate case where one of the eigenvalues of the Jacobian evaluated at an equilibrium point is zero and the other two are a pair of conjugate complex numbers, and consequently establishes a set of criteria for proving the existence of chaos in the sense of having Smale horseshoes. Based on this new extended Šil'nikov homoclinic theorem, a new chaotic system is constructed, whose corresponding bounded chaotic attractor is first verified numerically through phase trajectories, Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation routes and Poincaré mappings, followed by theoretical analysis on the existence of one homoclinic orbit, the key component of the extended Šil'nikov homoclinic theorem.

scholarly journals Evolution of COVID-19 Disease Using a One Prey-Two Predator Mode

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amila Sudu Ambegedara ◽  
Asini A. Konpola ◽  
Chathurika S. Gunasekara ◽  
Indika G. Udagedara
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Uniqueness Of The Solution ◽  
Predator Model ◽  
The One

Mathematical modeling is used to understand the dynamics of transmission of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, SARS, Ebola, and Dengue among populations. In this work, a one prey-two predator model has been developed to understand the underlying dynamics of COVID-19 disease transmission. We considered the infected, recovered, and death populations with the fact that an infected person can be transformed into the recovered or death group assuming that the infected ones are the prey, and the other two populations are the two predators in the one prey-two predator model. It was found that the proposed model has four equilibrium points; the vanishing equilibrium point ( ), recovered and death-free equilibrium point ( ), recovered population-free equilibrium point ( ), and the death-free equilibrium point ( ). Stability analysis of the equilibrium points shows that except all the other equilibrium points are locally asymptotically stable. Global asymptotic stability of the recovered population-free equilibrium point and death-free equilibrium point are also analyzed. Moreover, the existence and uniqueness of the solution were proved. The parameters for the model are estimated from a data set that consists of the total number of infected, recovered, and dead populations worldwide in the year 2020 using the Nelder-Mead optimization method. When the time approaches infinity, the infected population converges to a constant value, the recovered population declines and reaches zero, and the death population attains a constant value. However, some modifications to the system are needed. In future work, measures such as health precautions, vaccinations are needed to be considered for the formulation of the mathematical model.

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