scholarly journals Genotypic characterization of macrolide-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in Quebec, Canada, and in vitro activity of ABT-773 and telithromycin

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Genotypic Characterization ◽  
Resistant Strains

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Sanfetrinem and Affinity for the Penicillin-Binding Proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Sifaoui ◽  
Emmanuelle Varon ◽  
Marie-Dominique Kitzis ◽  
Laurent Gutmann
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT Against penicillin-susceptible pneumococci, the activity of sanfetrinem was similar to those of penicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, imipenem, and meropenem, while against penicillin-resistant strains, sanfetrinem and the carbapenems exhibited superior activity (MICs at which 90% of strains are inhibited, ≤1 μg/ml). PBP 1a in the penicillin-susceptible strain and PBP 1a and PBP 2b in the more resistant isolates seemed to be the essential penicillin-binding proteins for imipenem and sanfetrinem.

scholarly journals In vitro activity of BAY 12-8039, a novel 8-methoxyquinolone, compared to activities of six fluoroquinolones against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1594-1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Brueggemann ◽  
K C Kugler ◽  
G V Doern
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Resistant Strains

The in vitro activity of a novel 8-methoxyquinolone, BAY 12-8039, against recent clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 404), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 330), and Moraxella catarrhalis (n = 250) was evaluated. Activity was compared to those of six other fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin and trovafloxacin. BAY 12-8039 and clinafloxacin had the highest levels of activity against S. pneumoniae, both with a MIC at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (MIC90) of 0.06 microg/ml. Trovafloxacin and sparfloxacin were the next most active agents versus S. pneumoniae (MIC90s = 0.12 microg/ml). No differences in activity against penicillin-susceptible, -intermediate, or -resistant strains of S. pneumoniae were noted for any of the fluoroquinolones tested. MIC90s for the seven fluoroquinolones ranged from 0.008 to 0.06 microg/ml versus H. influenzae and from 0.008 to 0.12 microg/ml for M. catarrhalis. The MICs for two strains of S. pneumoniae and one strain of H. influenzae were noted to be higher than those for the general population of organisms for all of the fluoroquinolones tested. Finally, the activity of BAY 12-8039 versus S. pneumoniae was found to be diminished when MIC determinations were performed with incubation of agar dilution plates or broth microdilution trays in 5 to 7% CO2 versus ambient air.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of the First Telithromycin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolate in Germany

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 3520-3522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf René Reinert ◽  
Mark van der Linden ◽  
Adnan Al-Lahham
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Erythromycin A ◽  
Positive Isolate ◽  
Resistance Rates

ABSTRACT A total of 486 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were collected in 2003 and 2004 in Germany and revealed the following resistance rates: penicillin G (7.2%) and erythromycin A (18.9%). Telithromycin exhibited good in vitro activity (MIC at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited, 0.125 μg/ml). However, one erm(B)-positive isolate was found to be telithromycin resistant (MIC, 8 μg/ml).

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of the New Ketolide Antibiotics HMR 3004 and HMR 3647 against Streptococcus pneumoniae in Germany

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1509-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf René Reinert ◽  
André Bryskier ◽  
Rudolf Lütticken
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Excellent Activity ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT The comparative in vitro activity of HMR 3004 and HMR 3647, new ketolide antibiotics, was tested by a standard agar dilution technique against 221 pneumococcal strains, including isolates with intermediate levels of resistance to penicillin and erythromycin-resistant isolates. The ketolides were more active than other macrolides and showed excellent activity against erythromycin-resistant strains. All the strains were inhibited by ≤2 μg of HMR 3004/ml or by ≤0.5 μg of HMR 3647/ml.

In vitro activity of RP 59500 (quinupristin/dalfopristin) against antibiotic-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterococci

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline C. Johnson ◽  
Linda Slavoski ◽  
Mary Schwartz ◽  
Phyllis May ◽  
Peter G. Pitsakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains

scholarly journals Synergistic Lethal Effect of a Combination of Phage Lytic Enzymes with Different Activities on Penicillin-Sensitive and -Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Loeffler ◽  
V. A. Fischetti
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Pneumococcal Colonization ◽  
Bacterial Peptidoglycan

ABSTRACT Pal and Cpl-1, two purified bacteriophage lytic enzymes, were tested for their in vitro activity, alone and in combination, against several serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae, including penicillin-resistant strains. The enzymes demonstrated synergism in their ability to cleave the bacterial peptidoglycan and thus may be more efficient for the prevention and elimination of pneumococcal colonization.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of HSR-903, a New Oral Quinolone, against Bacteria Causing Respiratory Infections

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1767-1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Watanabe ◽  
Yutaka Tokue ◽  
Hiroshi Takahashi ◽  
Tohru Kikuchi ◽  
Takao Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of HSR-903, an oral quinolone, against 196 recent clinical isolates of respiratory pathogens was evaluated. HSR-903 was 2 to 32 times more active than ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and sparfloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains, and Streptococcus pneumoniaeand was at least as active as the other quinolones against gram-negative pathogens.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of the Ketolide ABT-773

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 2922-2924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur L. Barry ◽  
Peter C. Fuchs ◽  
Steven D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT The in vitro activities of ABT-773, azithromycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin were compared by testing 1,223 clinical isolates selected to represent different species and phenotypes. ABT-773 was particularly potent against staphylococci (the MIC at which 90% of the strains tested were inhibited [MIC90] was ≤0.06 μg/ml), including all strains that were macrolide resistant but clindamycin susceptible.Streptococcus pneumoniae and other streptococci were inhibited by low concentrations of ABT-773, and that included most erythromycin-resistant strains. Against Haemophilus influenzae, ABT-773 and azithromycin were similar in their antibacterial potency (MIC90, 4.0 and 2.0 μg/ml, respectively).

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftaroline against Cephalosporin-Resistant Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 552-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley McGee ◽  
Donald Biek ◽  
Yigong Ge ◽  
Magderie Klugman ◽  
Mignon du Plessis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Penicillin Binding Protein ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Cephalosporin Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT Increasing pneumococcal resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins warrants the search for novel agents with activity against such resistant strains. Ceftaroline, a parenteral cephalosporin currently in phase 3 clinical development, has demonstrated potent in vitro activity against resistant gram-positive organisms, including penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. In this study, the activity of ceftaroline was evaluated against highly cefotaxime-resistant isolates of pneumococci from the Active Bacterial Core surveillance program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and against laboratory-derived cephalosporin-resistant mutants of S. pneumoniae. The MICs of ceftaroline and comparators were determined by broth microdilution. In total, 120 U.S. isolates of cefotaxime-resistant (MIC ≥ 4 μg/ml) S. pneumoniae were tested along with 18 laboratory-derived R6 strains with known penicillin-binding protein (PBP) mutations. Clinical isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing, and the DNAs of selected isolates were sequenced to identify mutations affecting pbp genes. Ceftaroline (MIC90 = 0.5 μg/ml) had greater in vitro activity than penicillin, cefotaxime, or ceftriaxone (MIC90 = 8 μg/ml for all comparators) against the set of highly cephalosporin-resistant clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae. Ceftaroline was also more active against the defined R6 PBP mutant strains, which suggests that ceftaroline can overcome common mechanisms of PBP-mediated cephalosporin resistance. These data indicate that ceftaroline has significant potency against S. pneumoniae strains resistant to existing parenteral cephalosporins and support its continued development for the treatment of infections caused by resistant S. pneumoniae strains.

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