Extraction of Thrips and Other Whole or Equivalent Insects from Frozen Blackberries and Raspberries: Collaborative Study

1981 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
Russell G Dent ◽  
◽  
J Boese ◽  
M P Chaput ◽  
D Floyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Light Mineral

Abstract A method was developed for the extraction of thrips and other whole or equivalent insects from frozen blackberries and raspberries. The method consisted of a thawing and drained weight step, followed by acid maceration. Berries were wet-sieved over a No. 25 sieve nested in a No. 80 sieve. The berry tissue retained on the No. 80 sieve was dehydrated with isopropanol and then treated with chloroform. The chloroform was stripped from the residue with isopropanol. The berry residue was extracted with light mineral oil from a 40% isopropanol-Tween 80- Na4EDTA mixture. The collaborative study was successfully completed with 83.3% average recoveries of thrips and a 19.2% coefficient of variation. The method has been adopted official first action.

Extraction of Light Filth from Ground Allspice: Collaborative Study

1980 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1266-1268
Author(s):  
Russell G Dent ◽  
◽  
J G Eye ◽  
C C Freeman ◽  
E Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Light Mineral ◽  
Wet Sieving

Abstract The present official AOAC method (44.120(a)(b), 13th Ed.) for extracting light filth from ground allspice uses flammable solvents and gives poor filth recoveries. An improved method has been developed which uses a single pretreatment with 40% isopropanol and hydrochloric acid, followed by wet sieving. After deaeration by boiling, the light filth is extracted from 40% isopropanol-Tween 80-tetrasodium EDTA with light mineral oil. Reports from all 6 collaborators showed that the proposed method resulted in 90 and 89% average recoveries of rodent hairs and insect fragments, respectively. The proposed method is recommended for adoption as official first action to replace AOAC (44.120(a)(b)) for allspice.

Determination of Internal Insect Infestation of Oats: Collaborative Study

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-700
Author(s):  
Richard L Trauba
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Adult Insect ◽  
Light Mineral ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Wet Sieving

Abstract An improved method has been developed for determining internal insect infestation of oat kennels. The method involves alcohol defatting and acid hydrolysis of the cracked oats, wet sieving to remove the acid, transfer to a 2 L Wildman trap flask, deaeration by boiling, and treatment with Tween 80-Na.tEDTA. Insects are extracted with light mineral oil. Reports from 6 collaborators showed that recoveries averaged 88.98% for adult insect heads and 97.22% for larvae. The method has been adopted official first action.

Extraction of Light Filth from Whole Peppermint Leaves: Collaborative Study

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-698
Author(s):  
Jack Boese ◽  
Marvin Nakashima ◽  
Larry E Glaze
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Isopropanol Solution ◽  
Wet Sieving

Abstract Results are reported for a collaborative study of a method for the extraction of light filth from whole peppermint leaves. A 5 g sample is defatted with isopropanol in a simple reflux appartus. Rat hairs, insect fragments, and whole insects are isolated by wet sieving on a No. 230 sieve, a deaerating boil in 40% isopropanol solution, flotation with Tween 80-Na4edta (1 + 1) and mineral oil-heptane (85 + 15), and trappings in a Wildman trap flask. Average recoveries obtained by 6 collaborators for 3 spike levels of rat hairs (5,10,15) were 83.3, 87.5, and 82.2%, respectively. For whole insects (5,10,15) recoveries averaged 85.0, 80.0 and 77.2% respectively; for insect fragments (20, 30, 50) recoveries averaged 79.6, 88.3, and 84.8%, respectively. The average recoveries for the 3 levels of each analyte were not significantly different. The method has been adopted official first action.

Extraction of Light Filth from Tea: Collaborative Study

1981 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-290
Author(s):  
Faith F Lim ◽  
◽  
J Barnett ◽  
A Bright ◽  
M P Chaput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Wet Sieving

Abstract The present AOAC method for determining insect and rodent filth in tea is time-consuming because it produces filter papers which are heavy in plant residue and therefore requires long paper-reading times. Anew method for the analysis of light filth in tea was developed to remedy existing problems and to improve recoveries. The method consists of the following steps: sample preparation, wet sieving, dilution with 40% isopropanol, extraction with Tween 80-Na4EDTA-40% isopropanol, flotation with mineral oil-heptane, and trapping off in a Wildman trap flask. In an interlaboratory collaborative study, analysts reported combined insect fragment recoveries of 99.2% for the proposed method and 93.0% for the AOAC method; the same analysts recorded combined rodent hair recoveries of 92.2% for the proposed method and 47.6% for the official method. Average times for reading individual subsamples were 9 min for the proposed method and 27 min for the AOAC method. The proposed method has been adopted official first action.

Extraction of Light Filth from Barley, Oatmeal, and Mixed Dry Infant Cereals: Collaborative Study

1980 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-188
Author(s):  
Russell G Dent ◽  
◽  
D M Floyd ◽  
J Nagy ◽  
A R Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
New Method ◽  
Interlaboratory Studies ◽  
Light Mineral ◽  
Wet Sieving

Abstract A new method has been developed for the extraction of light filth from oatmeal, barley, and mixed dry infant cereals which involves HC1 digestion followed by wet sieving. The residue is defatted in a paper cup, using isopropanol, and transferred to a 2 L Wildman trap flask with 40% isopropanol. Filth elements are extracted with light mineral oil. Interlaboratory studies resulted in 92 and 86% average recoveries of rodent hairs and insect fragments, respectively. The proposed method has been adopted as official first action.

Collaborative Study of a Method for the Extraction of Light Filth from Whole, Cracked, or Flaked and Ground Spices

1975 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-450
Author(s):  
Larry E Glaze
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Action Methods

Abstract An improved method has been developed for the extraction of light filth from whole, cracked, or flaked spices (basil, bay leaves, celery leaves, chervil, chives, dill weed, mint flakes, parsley, rosemary, sage, tarragon, thyme, and vegetable flakes) and from ground spices (cloves, cumin, marjoram, mustard seed, oregano, sage, and thyme). The method involves a chloroform or isopropanol defatting, followed by a direct flotation from 40% isopropanol with Tween 80-EDTA (1+1) and mineral oil-heptane (85+15). Collaborative results show that the proposed method is more rapid to perform and yields better filth recoveries than the official first action methods for ground spices, 44.116, and whole, cracked, or flaked spices, 44.129. The method has been adopted as official first action.

Extraction of Light Filth from Whole Leaves of Alfalfa, Lemon Balm, Papaya, and Spearmint: Collaborative Study

1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-999
Author(s):  
Marvin J Nakashima ◽  
Larry E Glaze
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Test Portion ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Wet Sieving

Abstract Results are reported for a collaborative study to extend AOAC method 44.A06-44.A08 to extraction of light filth from whole leaves of alfalfa, lemon balm, papaya, and spearmint. A 5 g (spearmint) or 10 g (alfalfa, lemon balm, papaya) test portion is defatted with isopropanol in a simple reflux apparatus. Rat hairs, insect fragments, and whole insects are isolated by wet sieving on a No. 230 sieve, a deaerating boil in 40% isopropanol, and flotation with mineral oil-heptane (85 + 15) from Tween 80-Na„EDTA (1 + 1) and 40% isopropanol in a Wildman trap flask. Each product was spiked at a different level. For rat hairs, recoveries averaged 82.2% from alfalfa, 88.9% from lemon balm, 80.6% from papaya, and 79.6% from spearmint. Recoveries of whole or equivalent insects from these products averaged 66.1, 218.8, 69.4, and 85.4%, respectively; recoveries of insect fragments from these products averaged 89.6, 94.4, 94.1, and 88.1%, respectively. The method has been adopted official first action for extraction of light filth from whole leaves of alfalfa, papaya, and spearmint. The extension of the method to lemon balm was not recommended because of interferences by intrinsic whole insects, which were the same species as the spike material.

Collaborative Study of an Enzymatic Digestion Method for the Isolation of Light Filth from Ground Beef or Hamburger

1976 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
Phillip Alioto ◽  
Mary Andreas
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Light Mineral ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Wet Sieving

Abstract Collaborative results are presented for a proposed method for light filth extraction from ground beef or hamburger. The method involves enzymatic digestion, wet sieving, and extraction with light mineral oil from 40% isopropanol. Recoveries are good and filter papers are clean. This method has been adopted as official first action.

Collaborative Study of a Method for the Extraction of Light Filth from Ground Turmeric

1975 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-452
Author(s):  
Larry E Glaze
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Improved Method

Abstract An improved method has been developed for the extraction of light filth from ground turmeric. The method involves an isopropanol defatting followed by a direct flotation from 40% isopropanol with Tween 80-EDTA (1+1) and hot mineral oil. Collaborative results show that the method is rapid and yields better filth recoveries than the official first action method, 44.118. The method has been adopted as official first action to replace 44.118.

Extraction of Light Filth from Unground Marjoram: Collaborative Study

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 899-901
Author(s):  
Russell G Dent ◽  
Larry Glaze
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Test Portion ◽  
Examination Time

Abstract Ihe present method for filth in unground marjoram is conducted in 2 parts. The first of these, which is for heavy filth and sand, requires the spice to be boiled with petroleum ether, then floated off with chloroform and, if needed, carbon tetrachloride. The second part, which is for light filth, is dependent on completion of the heavy filth section. After the spice is air-dried, the light filth is extracted with heptane and water. The proposed method was developed to make light filth independent of heavy filth analysis, improve filth recoveries, and reduce microscopic examination time. The light filth is extracted by ethanol defatting followed by a combination 15-60% ethanol/mineral oil extraction in a Wildman trap flask. Tween 80-NaEDTA solution is added to the trapping system to reduce the rising of excess plant material to the trap interface. The official method (AOAC 13th edition sees 44.142,44.120(b)) produced an average of 8 extraction papers per test portion and microscopic examination took an average of 88 min per test portion. The official method gave average recoveries of 14% for rodent hairs and 26% for insect fragments with 2 spike levels of 15 and 30 for each filth element. Recoveries of the 2 levels of each spike were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The proposed method gave average recoveries of 73% for rodent hairs and 70% for insect fragments. The proposed method has been adopted official first action to replace AOAC 13th edition sees 44.142 and 44.120(b) for unground marjoram only

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