Susceptibility of North Carolina Chloridea (Heliothis) virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations From Flue Cured Tobacco to Chlorantraniliprole

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Zilnik ◽  
Hannah J Burrack
Keyword(s):  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Abstract The tobacco budworm, Chloridea (Heliothis) virescens (F.), has evolved resistance to numerous insecticides in the field. In tobacco, chlorantraniliprole can be applied as either a preventative systemic soil application at or near transplant, or a foliar application timed to current treatment thresholds. With a novel mode of action chlorantraniliprole provides an option for rotation with other insecticides to reduce the probability of insecticide resistance development. However, specific usage patterns in tobacco have the potential to increase the risk of resistance development to this insecticide. In particular, soil applied treatments may expose C. virescens to sublethal concentrations of the insecticide. We studied chlorantraniliprole susceptibility in nine field populations and one laboratory strain of C. virescens using a diet incorporation bioassay. Mortality was measured at 7, 10, and 14 d after exposure. Our results demonstrated that bioassays should be evaluated at 14 d after exposure to optimize interpretation of the dose–response due to the antifeeding properties of chlorantraniliprole. We observed low variation within field-collected populations. Field populations were as susceptible as the laboratory strain; the resistance ratio at the 14-d evaluation for field-collected populations ranged from 1.01 to 1.05. A discriminating dose of 0.117, 0.080, and 0.070 μg a.i./g diet could be used at 7, 10, and 14 d, respectively. Larval growth varied between field populations. Two field populations continued growing on diet containing chlorantraniliprole and differed in size from the laboratory and other populations. Further evaluation of growth inhibition will be necessary.

DIFFERENCE IN RADIOSENSITIVITY OF TWO COLONIES OF TOBACCO BUDWORMS, HELIOTHIS VIRESCENS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 995-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. I. Proshold ◽  
J. A. Bartell
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractSterility induced by gamma irradiation of the adult male tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), was studied in two colonies, one was reared in the laboratory for more than 60 generations (laboratory strain) and the other reared for fewer than 9 generations (wild strain). When irradiated males were crossed with untreated females, the percentage egg hatch for each dose was lower with the laboratory than with the wild strain. When laboratory and wild females were crossed reciprocally with irradiated males, the fertilities were similar to those of the laboratory and wild strains, respectively. When irradiated males were crossed with female progeny from reciprocal crosses, the percentage egg hatch was similar to that of the wild strain.Wild strain females were nearly monogamous for the first several generations, but F0 females mated nearly as frequently as females of the laboratory strain.

TOBACCO BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE): REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY OF STERILIZED AND NONSTERILIZED INSECTS OF A LABORATORY STRAIN AND A FIELD STRAIN AND DISTRIBUTION OF SPERM IN THE FEMALE

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1121-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Robinson ◽  
D. A. Wolfenbarger
Keyword(s):  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Field Strain ◽  
Mating Frequency ◽  
Bursa Copulatrix ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractCertain aspects of the reproductive ability of sterilized and unsterilized tobacco budworms, Heliothis virescens (F.), of a laboratory strain and a field strain, tested as single pairs, were studied; special attention was given to those females of pairs that mated but did not reproduce and to the distribution of sperm in the reproductive tract at various times after mating. Most of the sperm from the first two successful matings reached the spermatheca, but after three or more matings, substantial amounts were also present in the bursa copulatrix and(or) seminal duct. Ca. 18% and 35% of the unsterilized laboratory strain and field strain pairs, respectively, did not reproduce; 4.6% and 20.6%, respectively, locked or failed to mate. The percentage of mated pairs was reduced by the presence of a field strain female in crosses of the strains. Exposure to irradiation and chemosterilants reduced fertility but had little effect on mating frequency in either strain. Percentage egg hatch was the same for the untreated insects of both strains.

scholarly journals Ecdysteroidogenesis in Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Recombinant Prothoracicotropic Hormone and Brain Extract Show Comparable Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Nardiello ◽  
Rosanna Salvia ◽  
Andrea Scala ◽  
Carmen Scieuzo ◽  
Sabino Aurelio Bufo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Prothoracic Gland ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Brain Extract ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Prothoracicotropic Hormone ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) is a neuropeptide that triggers a cascade of events within the prothoracic gland (PG) cells, leading to the activation of all the crucial enzymes involved in ecdysone biosynthesis, the main insect steroid hormone. Studies concerning ecdysteroidogenesis predicted PTTH action using brain extract (BE), consisting in a complex mixture in which some components positively or negatively interfere with PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis. Consequently, the integration of these opposing factors in steroidogenic tissues leads to a complex secretory pattern. A recombinant form of prothoracicotropic hormone (rPTTH) from the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was expressed and purified to perform in vitro tests in a standard and repeatable manner. A characterization of rPTTH primary and secondary structures was performed. The ability of rPTTH and H. virescens BE to stimulate ecdysteroidogenesis was investigated on the third day of fifth larval stage. rPTTH activity was compared with the BE mixture by enzyme immunoassay and western blot, revealing that they equally stimulate the production of significant amount of ecdysone, through a transduction cascade that includes the TOR pathway, by the phosphorylation of 4E binding protein (4E-BP) and S6 kinase (S6K), the main targets of TOR protein. The results of these experiments suggest the importance of obtaining a functional pure hormone to perform further studies, not depending on the crude brain extract, composed by different elements and susceptible to different uncontrollable variables.

SYNERGISM OF PYRETHROIDS BY PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE AND MGK-264 AGAINST HELIOTHIS VIRESCENS, SPODOPTERA EXIGUA, AND SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)1

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-233
Author(s):  
J. A. Joyce ◽  
R. J. Ottens ◽  
G. A. Herzog ◽  
M. H. Bass
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Beet Army Worm ◽  
Army Worm

Laboratory cultures of field-collected larval tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), beet army worm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), and fall armyworm, S. frugiperda (J. E. Smith) were bioassayed for response to three pyrethroids in combination with piperonyl butoxide (PBO), or MGK-264. The greatest synergistic effects were seen in S. exigua which also displayed the greatest tolerance to pyrethroids without synergists. The highest SR50 (synergist ratio) value for S. exigua was 22.1 with fenvalerate-PBO mixed in a ratio of 1:5, the highest for S. frugiperda was 4.6 with fenvalerate-MGK-264 1:5, and the highest for H. virescens was 1.3 with permethrin-MGK-264 1:5 or with fenvalerate-PBO 1:5.

INFLUENCE OF INSECTICIDES - CYTOPLASMIC POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS COMBINATIONS ON PUPAL WEIGHT AND FECUNDITY OF TOBACCO BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul K. Mohamed ◽  
Jen-Rong Yang ◽  
Fred R. S. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Control Adult ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the response of healthy and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) infected Heliothis virescens (F.) larvae to LD50 of methomyl and methyl parathion. Methomyl-CPV combination adversely affected pupal weight and fecundity of the female. The effect of this interaction was synergistic. Exposure of CPV infected larvae to LD50 of methomyl resulted in a mean female pupal weight of 243 mg and a fecundity of 382 per female moth. These values were significantly lower than those of all other treatments. In contrast methyl parathion-CPV combinations did not result in a significant reduction in pupal weight as compared to the control. Adult emergence and egg hatch were not affected.

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