The Secret Leprosy of Modern Days: Narcotic Addiction and Cultural Crisis in the United States, 1870-1920

2007 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
J. M. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Narcotic Addiction ◽  
Cultural Crisis

Narcotic Withdrawal Syndrome in the Newborn

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 285-291
Author(s):  
Avron V. Sweet
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opiate Addiction ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Narcotic Addiction ◽  
In Pregnancy

The passive addiction of fetuses to narcotics has been a matter of record for nearly a hundred years. But even as late as the first half of this century, few physicians were aware of the manifestations of withdrawal by the newborn or its therapy. From the late 1950s, when narcotic addiction increased to become a widespread major health calamity, to the present a great deal has been learned about addiction among pregnant women and its effects upon the fetus and newborn. For two decades addiction was most commonly due to heroin but, following the widespread establishment of methadone maintenance clinics, that synthetic opioid now may be the most frequently encountered addictive agent among pregnant women and their newborn infants in the United States. Some appears as unprescribed "street" methadone, which is usually used with an opiate. Moreover, uncooperative participants in methadone maintenance programs also take opiates. As a consequence, there may be homogeneous groups of pregnant heroin addicts and hornogenous groups of pregnant women taking methadone alone but there is a great deal of drug heterogeneity among addicts. Hence, much is known about opiate addiction in pregnancy and its effects upon the fetus and newborn, but much less is certain about the effects of methadone alone.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

Digital image acquisition, processing, and analysis in a polymer microscopy laboratory

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Berry ◽  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Image

In recent years it became apparent that we needed to improve productivity and efficiency in the Microscopy Laboratories in GE Plastics. It was realized that digital image acquisition, archiving, processing, analysis, and transmission over a network would be the best way to achieve this goal. Also, the capabilities of quantitative image analysis, image transmission etc. available with this approach would help us to increase our efficiency. Although the advantages of digital image acquisition, processing, archiving, etc. have been described and are being practiced in many SEM, laboratories, they have not been generally applied in microscopy laboratories (TEM, Optical, SEM and others) and impact on increased productivity has not been yet exploited as well.In order to attain our objective we have acquired a SEMICAPS imaging workstation for each of the GE Plastic sites in the United States. We have integrated the workstation with the microscopes and their peripherals as shown in Figure 1.

Silence of the Land: On the Historical Irrelevance of Territory to Congressional Districting and Political Representation in the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rehfeld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Congressional District ◽  
Congressional Districts ◽  
Communities Of Interest

Every ten years, the United States “constructs” itself politically. On a decennial basis, U.S. Congressional districts are quite literally drawn, physically constructing political representation in the House of Representatives on the basis of where one lives. Why does the United States do it this way? What justifies domicile as the sole criteria of constituency construction? These are the questions raised in this article. Contrary to many contemporary understandings of representation at the founding, I argue that there were no principled reasons for using domicile as the method of organizing for political representation. Even in 1787, the Congressional district was expected to be far too large to map onto existing communities of interest. Instead, territory should be understood as forming a habit of mind for the founders, even while it was necessary to achieve other democratic aims of representative government.

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