Anatomical basis of variation in mesophyll resistance in eastern Australian sclerophylls: news of a long and winding path

What diseases cause confabulations and which are the brain areas whose damage is responsible? This chapter reviews the causes, both historic and present, of confabulations and deduces the anatomo-clinical relationships for the four forms of confabulation in the following disorders: alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome, traumatic brain injury, rupture of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm, posterior circulation stroke, herpes and limbic encephalitis, hypoxic brain damage, degenerative dementia, tumours, schizophrenia, and syphilis. Overall, clinically relevant confabulation is rare. Some aetiologies have become more important over time, others have virtually disappeared. While confabulations seem to be more frequent after anterior brain damage, only one form has a distinct anatomical basis.

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Resection of Pontine Cavernoma Through the Anterior Transpetrosal Approach

Operative Neurosurgery ◽

10.1093/ons/opab103 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Paulo A S Kadri ◽

Walid I B N Essayed ◽

Ossama Al-Mefty

Keyword(s):

Brain Stem ◽

Neurological Deficits ◽

Venous Angioma ◽

Temporal Muscle ◽

Anterior Transpetrosal Approach ◽

Anatomical Basis ◽

Direct Exposure ◽

Brainstem Cavernoma ◽

Radiation Induced ◽

Available Technology

Abstract The pons is the most frequent local for brain stem cavernoma.1 Repeated hemorrhage of brainstem cavernoma is associated with significant and accumulative neurological deficits and thus requires treatment. According to the Swedish Karolinska’s group of radiosurgery, ”it could not be concluded whether GKRS affects the natural course of a CM. The incidence of radiation-induced complications was approximately seven times higher than that expected.”2 Thus, microsurgical removal has become the mainstay of treatment. In our experience, the following details assist in obtaining favorable outcomes and avoiding postoperative complications3,4: (a) the entry into the cavernoma based on thorough knowledge of the microanatomy; (b) the detailed study of the images and the presentation of the cavernoma on or near the brain stem surface; (c) the resection of the live cavernous hemangioma and not the mere removal of the multiple aged organized hematomas; (d) the preservation of the associated venous angioma; (e) the direct and shortest access to the lesion provided by a skull base approach; and (f) the use of the available technology, such as intraoperative neuromonitoring and neuroimaging. We present the case of a 54-yr-old male with recent deterioration in year 2001, past repetitive episodes of gait imbalance, and speech difficulty over a 7-yr period from known pontine cavernoma. The anterior petrosal approach provided superb and direct exposure to the entry at the lateral pons and the cavernoma was totally removed with preservation of the venous angioma. His preoperative neurological deficit rapidly recovered. Patient consented to the procedure and photography. Images at 3:15 from Kadri et al, The anatomical basis for surgical presercation of temporal muscle. J Neurosurg. 2004;100:517-522, used with permission from JNSPG. Image at 3:27 from Al-Mefty O, Operative Atlas of Meningiomas, © LWW, 1997, with permission.

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Anatomical basis for ultrasound-guided infiltration of the saphenous nerve in the subsartorial canal

Journal of Ultrasound ◽

10.1007/s40477-021-00604-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Romain Lecigne ◽

Pierre-Xavier Dubreil ◽

Eric Berton ◽

Mickaël Ropars ◽

Danoob Dalili ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saphenous Nerve ◽

Ultrasound Guided ◽

Anatomical Basis

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Anatomical basis of a pedicled cuboid bone graft based on the lateral tarsal artery for talar avascular necrosis

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy ◽

10.1007/s00276-021-02789-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lu Bai ◽

Yan-bin Peng ◽

San-biao Liu ◽

Xiao-xiao Xie ◽

Xue-min Zhang

Keyword(s):

Bone Graft ◽

Avascular Necrosis ◽

Cuboid Bone ◽

Anatomical Basis

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What comprises the plate-like structure between the pancreatic head and the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery? A proposal for the term “P–A ligament” based on anatomical findings

Anatomical Science International ◽

10.1007/s12565-020-00597-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Satoru Muro ◽

Wachirawit Sirirat ◽

Daisuke Ban ◽

Yuichi Nagakawa ◽

Keiichi Akita

Keyword(s):

Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽

Mesenteric Artery ◽

Pancreatic Head ◽

Celiac Trunk ◽

Dorsal Side ◽

Uncinate Process ◽

Anatomical Basis ◽

The Right ◽

Upper Abdomen ◽

Macroscopic Examination

AbstractA plate-like structure is located posterior to the portal vein system, between the pancreatic head and roots and/or branches of two major arteries of the aorta: the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery. We aimed to clarify the distribution and components of this plate-like structure. Macroscopic examination of the upper abdomen and histological examination of the plate-like structure were performed on 26 cadavers. The plate-like structure is connected to major arteries (aorta, celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery) and the pancreatic head; it contains abundant fibrous bundles comprising nerves, vessels, collagen fibers, and adipose tissue. Furthermore, it consists of three partly overlapping fibrous components: rich fibrous bundles (superior mesenteric artery plexus) fused to the uncinate process of the pancreas; fibrous bundles arising from the right celiac ganglion and celiac trunk that spread radially to the dorsal side of the pancreatic head and superior mesenteric artery plexus; and fibrous bundles, accompanied by the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, entering the pancreatic head. The plate-like structure is the pancreas–major arteries (aorta, celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery) ligament (P–A ligament). The term “P–A ligament” may be clinically useful and can facilitate comprehensive understanding of the anatomy surrounding the pancreatic head and provide an anatomical basis for further pancreatic surgery studies.

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MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES IN EXPERIMENTAL CRETINISM

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.17.6.636 ◽

1913 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 636-652 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Arthur L. Tatum

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Glands ◽

The Body ◽

The Other ◽

Degenerative Changes ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Cellular Changes ◽

Anatomical Basis ◽

Parenchymatous Organ ◽

Islands Of Langerhans

In summarizing the findings of this paper it may be said that degenerative changes have been noted in practically every parenchymatous organ. Among these the most striking has been that of serous imbibition by the most active cells of these organs. In regard to the changes in the glands of internal secretion, the findings corroborate the statements of Cushing in regard to hypophysectomy, that removal of one gland of internal secretion results in changes in all the other glands. In this case, degenerative changes predominate in the hypophysis, thymus, ovary, and testis, while hyperplasia is seen in the islands of Langerhans and the medullas of the adrenal glands. Finally, in the rabbit athyroidism is responsible for grave degenerative changes in practically all organs and tissues of the body, and many of the symptoms of cretinism have an anatomical basis in organic cellular changes.

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