Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Premature Death ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Psychotic disorders are among the most disabling conditions and constitute a major public health problem. Described throughout recorded time, they affect as many as 5% of the population and cause a disproportionate amount of suffering and loss to society. In the chapter on schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, the DSM-5 lists delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, schizophreniform disorder, schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorder, as well as categories for substance- or medically induced psychotic disorders. The term psychosis indicates that the individual has a severe inability to interpret the surrounding environment in a realistic way. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behavior. Psychotic disorders are associated with premature death, mostly attributable to suicide. The pathophysiology and etiology of psychotic disorders are only now beginning to be understood, and treatment for these conditions remains suboptimal. Researchers are currently refining the cause of these symptoms and developing more effective treatments. This review contains 3 tables, and 34 references. Key words: Brief psychotic disorder, delusions, hallucinations, psychosis, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder

Overview of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

10.2310/im.13011 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

James A. Wilcox ◽

Donald W. Black

Keyword(s):

Psychotic Disorder ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Premature Death ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Psychotic disorders are among the most disabling conditions and constitute a major public health problem. Described throughout recorded time, they affect as many as 5% of the population and cause a disproportionate amount of suffering and loss to society. In the chapter on schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, the DSM-5 lists delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, schizophreniform disorder, schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorder, as well as categories for substance- or medically induced psychotic disorders. The term psychosis indicates that the individual has a severe inability to interpret the surrounding environment in a realistic way. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behavior. Psychotic disorders are associated with premature death, mostly attributable to suicide. The pathophysiology and etiology of psychotic disorders are only now beginning to be understood, and treatment for these conditions remains suboptimal. Researchers are currently refining the cause of these symptoms and developing more effective treatments. This review contains 3 tables, and 34 references. Key words: Brief psychotic disorder, delusions, hallucinations, psychosis, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder

Overview of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

10.2310/fm.13011 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

James A. Wilcox ◽

Donald W. Black

Keyword(s):

Psychotic Disorder ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Premature Death ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Psychotic disorders are among the most disabling conditions and constitute a major public health problem. Described throughout recorded time, they affect as many as 5% of the population and cause a disproportionate amount of suffering and loss to society. In the chapter on schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, the DSM-5 lists delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, schizophreniform disorder, schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorder, as well as categories for substance- or medically induced psychotic disorders. The term psychosis indicates that the individual has a severe inability to interpret the surrounding environment in a realistic way. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behavior. Psychotic disorders are associated with premature death, mostly attributable to suicide. The pathophysiology and etiology of psychotic disorders are only now beginning to be understood, and treatment for these conditions remains suboptimal. Researchers are currently refining the cause of these symptoms and developing more effective treatments. This review contains 3 tables, and 34 references. Key words: Brief psychotic disorder, delusions, hallucinations, psychosis, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder

Overview of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

10.2310/tywc.13011 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

James A. Wilcox ◽

Donald W. Black

Keyword(s):

Psychotic Disorder ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Premature Death ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Psychotic disorders are among the most disabling conditions and constitute a major public health problem. Described throughout recorded time, they affect as many as 5% of the population and cause a disproportionate amount of suffering and loss to society. In the chapter on schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, the DSM-5 lists delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, schizophreniform disorder, schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorder, as well as categories for substance- or medically induced psychotic disorders. The term psychosis indicates that the individual has a severe inability to interpret the surrounding environment in a realistic way. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behavior. Psychotic disorders are associated with premature death, mostly attributable to suicide. The pathophysiology and etiology of psychotic disorders are only now beginning to be understood, and treatment for these conditions remains suboptimal. Researchers are currently refining the cause of these symptoms and developing more effective treatments. This review contains 3 tables, and 34 references. Key words: Brief psychotic disorder, delusions, hallucinations, psychosis, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder

The concordance of ICD-10 acute and transient psychosis and DSM-IV brief psychotic disorder

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291702005408 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 525-533 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

F. PILLMANN ◽

A. HARING ◽

S. BALZUWEIT ◽

R. BLÖINK ◽

A. MARNEROS

Keyword(s):

Psychotic Disorder ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Good Prognosis ◽

Acute Onset ◽

Not Otherwise Specified ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Dsm Iv

Background. ICD-10 acute and transient psychotic disorder (ATPD; F23) and DSM-IV brief psychotic disorder (BPD; 298.8) are related diagnostic concepts, but little is known regarding the concordance of the two definitions.Method. During a 5-year period all in-patients with ATPD were identified; DSM-IV diagnoses were also determined. We systematically evaluated demographic and clinical features and carried out follow-up investigations at an average of 2·2 years after the index episode using standardized instruments.Results. Forty-two (4·1%) of 1036 patients treated for psychotic disorders or major affective episode fulfilled the ICD-10 criteria of ATPD. Of these, 61·9% also fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria of brief psychotic disorder; 31·0%, of schizophreniform disorder; 2·4%, of delusional disorder; and 4·8%, of psychotic disorder not otherwise specified. BPD showed significant concordance with the polymorphic subtype of ATPD, and DSM-IV schizophreniform disorder showed significant concordance with the schizophreniform subtype of ATPD. BPD patients had a significantly shorter duration of episode and more acute onset compared with those ATPD patients who did not meet the criteria of BPD (non-BPD). However, the BPD group and the non-BPD group of ATPD were remarkably similar in terms of sociodemography (especially female preponderance), course and outcome, which was rather favourable for both groups.Conclusions. DSM-IV BPD is a psychotic disorder with broad concordance with ATPD as defined by ICD-10. However, the DSM-IV time criteria for BPD may be too narrow. The group of acute psychotic disorders with good prognosis extends beyond the borders of BPD and includes a subgroup of DSM-IV schizophreniform disorder.

Antipsychotic polytherapy versus antipsychotic monotherapy in patients with schizophrenia and other psychoses

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72970-4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 1265-1265

Author(s):

N. Morales Alcaide

Keyword(s):

Combination Therapy ◽

Psychotic Disorder ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Antipsychotic Therapy ◽

Not Otherwise Specified ◽

Male Patients ◽

The Mean

IntroductionAntipsychotic therapy is the cornerstone of the treatment of psychotic disorders. Although clinical guidelines recommend the use of antipsychotics in monotherapy, the combination of two or more antipsychotics is a common habit in clinical practice, especially in cases resistant to treatment with one antipsychotic, although there are few controlled trials that support this treatment modality.ObjectivesTo analyze the characteristics of antipsychotic therapy in patients admitted to hospitalization with diagnoses of schizophrenia and other psychoses, to determine if there are differences between diagnostic groups.MaterialWe analyzed a sample of 241 patients admitted during 2009, 97 women and 144 men, with schizophrenia and other psychoses.MethodsWe designed a protocol of collecting data based on clinical histories of patients, reflecting the gender, age, diagnosis and treatment regimen (monotherapy or combination therapy), and performed a statistical analysis using SPSS.ResultsOf the sample, 40.2% were females and 59.8% were males. The mean age was 39.7 years old.The diagnosis of schizophrenia was obtained in 60.2% of patients, while the remaining 39.8% were diagnosed with other psychoses (schizoaffective disorder, chronic delusional disorder, schizophreniform disorder, brief psychotic disorder, psychotic disorder not otherwise specified and other.)The combination therapy was used in 62.2% of patients, while the remaining 37.8% were treated with monotherapy.ConclusionsCombination therapy is used more often in male patients and in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, while monotherapy is used more in women and patients with other psychoses.

Diagnostic validity of ICD-10 acute and transient psychotic disorders and DSM-5 brief psychotic disorder

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.05.028 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 104-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

A.C. Castagnini ◽

P. Fusar-Poli

Keyword(s):

Psychotic Disorder ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Case Identification ◽

Migrant Populations ◽

Diagnostic Categories ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Characteristic Family ◽

Icd 10

AbstractBackground:Short-lived psychotic disorders are currently classified under “acute and transient psychotic disorders” (ATPDs) in ICD-10, and “brief psychotic disorder” (BPD) in DSM-5. This study's aim is to review the literature and address the validity of ATPDs and BPD.Method:Papers published between January 1993 and December 2016 were identified through searches in Web of Science. Reference lists in the located papers provided further sources.Results:A total of 295 articles were found and 100 were included in the review. There were only a few studies about the epidemiology, vulnerability factors, neurobiological correlates and treatment of these disorders, particularly little interest seems to exist in BPD. The available evidence suggests that short-lived psychotic disorders are rare conditions and more often affect women in early to middle adulthood. They also are neither associated with premorbid dysfunctions nor characteristic family predisposition, while there seems to be greater evidence of environmental factors particularly in developing countries and migrant populations. Follow-up studies report a favourable clinical and functional outcome, but case identification has proved difficult owing to high rates of transition mainly either to schizophrenia and related disorders or, to a lesser extent, affective disorders over the short- and longer-terms.Conclusions:Although the lack of neurobiological findings and little predictive power argue against the validity of the above diagnostic categories, it is important that they are kept apart from longer-lasting psychotic disorders both for clinical practice and research. Close overlap between ATPDs and BPD could enhance the understanding of these conditions.

Psychotic Disorder Caused by a General Medical Condition, with Delusions

Psychiatric Clinics of North America ◽

10.1016/s0193-953x(18)30060-1 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 363-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Gregory L. Fricchione ◽

Lisa Carbone ◽

William I. Bennett

Keyword(s):

Psychotic Disorder ◽

Medical Condition ◽

General Medical Condition

Acute and transient psychoses: clinical and nosological issues

BJPsych Advances ◽

10.1192/apt.bp.115.015198 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 292-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Augusto Castagnini ◽

Gian Maria Galeazzi

Keyword(s):

Psychotic Disorder ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Cycloid Psychosis ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Icd 10

SummaryThis article examines the clinical, epidemiological and nosological aspects of short-lived psychotic disorders as currently classified under ‘acute and transient psychotic disorders' in ICD-10 and ‘brief psychotic disorder’ in DSM-5. After describing earlier diagnostic concepts such as bouffée délirante, cycloid psychosis, reactive psychosis and schizophreniform psychosis, we present an overview of the literature and discuss implications for classification, diagnosis and treatment of these conditions, pointing out differences from longer-lasting psychotic disorders.

is the Brief Psychotic Disorder a Distinct Nosologic Entity?: A Longitudinal Study of 80 Patients

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71421-x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (S1) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

L. Rodriguez Incio ◽

I. Grande Fullana ◽

V. Sánchez Gistau ◽

M. Bernardo Arroyo ◽

E. Parellada Rodón

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Psychotic Disorder ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Inpatient ◽

Psychotic Episode ◽

Inpatient Service ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Nosologic Entity

Introduction:The DSM-IV-TR category “brief psychotic disorder” includes different concepts that have been defined before like bouffée délirante, cycloid psychosis and “acute and transient psychosis” in the last ICD-10. Limited prospective studies have been done, and they all show a marked diagnostic instability during follow-up. According to that, its independent nosologic entity is still uncertain.Aims:To determine the diagnostic stability of the brief psychotic disorders as well as their distinct clinical features.Method:Observational, retrospective, longitudinal study of 80 consecutive patients admitted at the acute psychiatric inpatient service of a general hospital between 2000 and 2006. at discharge, all of them fulfilled diagnostic criteria for “brief psychotic disorder” according to DSM-IV. Demographic and psychopathological data were analysed.Results:Mean age (SD) was 31.3 (9.5), most of them women (63%). the most frequent previous stressor was related to labour, while up to 45% didn't report any. 51% had no psychiatric family history. 15 (19%) patients previously had a brief psychotic episode. Psychopathological disturbances identified were: thought disorder 69%, anxiety 66.6%, insomnia 57.7%, suspiciousness 53.5%, rapidly changing delusions 53.3% (paranoid contents 75.3%), perplexity 46.5%, auditory hallucinations 45.1%, mood lability 36.6%, elation 23.9%, depressed mood 22.5% and irritability 12.7%. in the 24 month follow-up, 32.5% changed diagnosis to schizophrenia, 3"9% to schizoaffective, 10% to bipolar disorder and 16.9% achieved clinical remission. 28.5% were lost to follow-up.Conclusion:“Brief psychotic disorder” category is still uncertain and more data may be necessary to clarify if it should remain as a distinct nosologic entity.