Reduction of Maternal–Infant Transmission of HIV Type 1 With Zidovudine Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Eliza Rodrigue McElwee ◽  
Pooja K. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Pediatric Aids ◽  
Zidovudine Treatment ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Aids Clinical Trials ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Current Guidelines

This article summarizes the landmark results of Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076. Pregnant women between 14 and 34 weeks with a CD4 count above 200 and no indication for antiretroviral therapy were randomized to zidovudine treatment or placebo. Zidovudine was shown to reduce HIV transmission from mother to child by 67.5%. Zidovudine treatment was not associated with neonatal death, premature birth, fetal growth or structural abnormalities. The majority of maternal adverse effects were obstetric complications that were not associated with either placebo or intervention groups. It reviews study design, findings, and limitations. This study is then situated in historical context and in reference to current guidelines.

Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnant Women

2019 ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
William R. Short ◽  
Jason J. Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Pediatric Aids ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Pivotal Study ◽  
Aids Clinical Trials ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Over Time

Upon completion of this chapter, the reader should be able to describe the appropriate management of antiretrovirals for pregnant women living with HIV. Over time, research has demonstrated that proper prevention strategies and interventions during pregnancy, labor, and delivery can significantly reduce the rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. In 1994, a pivotal study in the field of HIV medicine, the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 076, demonstrated that the use of zidovudine (ZDV) monotherapy during pregnancy substantially reduced the risk of HIV transmission to infants by 67% (...

scholarly journals Use of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Human Hyperimmune Immunoglobulin in HIV Type 1–Infected Children (Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 273)

2000 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 548-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Richard Stiehm ◽  
Courtney V. Fletcher ◽  
Lynne M. Mofenson ◽  
Paul E. Palumbo ◽  
Minhee Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pediatric Aids ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Aids Clinical Trials

The Bio/Necropolitics of ACTG 076: Lessons from Pregnant Women of Colour Living with HIV for Treatment for Prevention in the Twenty-first Century

Somatechnics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-253
Author(s):  
Eli Manning
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
First Century ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Treatment As Prevention ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Aids Clinical Trials ◽  
Living With Hiv

Since the pharmaceutical turn, using HIV treatment to prevent transmission is increasingly common. Treatment as Prevention®, or TasP, has relied on HIV treatment to prevent HIV transmission, targeting people living with HIV. However, TasP is predicated on troublesome heterosexist, classist, and racist medical practices borrowed from various times and spaces that enact biopolitical and necropolitical relations. This paper discusses the debate surrounding the first clinical trial that used HIV treatment to prevent transmission from woman-to-foetus. The 1994 landmark AIDS Clinical Trials Group 076 study laid the groundwork for using HIV treatment to prevent HIV transmission, the essential precursor to TasP. By examining the concerns of HIV positive women of colour and other AIDS activists, we are able to understand the ethical dilemmas and practical consequences that still haunt today's game-changing uses of HIV treatment for prevention and to see how biopolitics and necropolitics persist in TasP.

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