Introduction to child health

2018 ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
Dan Magnus ◽  
Sebastian Taylor ◽  
Bhanu Williams
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health System Strengthening ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Child Deaths ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health And Mortality

Over the last twenty years there have been significant improvements in global child health and mortality. These advances have been due to improvements in diseases like diarrhoea, pneumonia, malaria, and measles but are also attributable to a broader global health agenda and increased global aid and expenditure on health, with reductions in poverty and enhanced community-oriented and primary healthcare services. This chapter provides an overview of global child health and looks at indicators of child health, the causes and distribution of child deaths and morbidity and disability, as well as the importance of the social determinants of health and future priorities. Addressing current and future threats to child health will require national and international level programme approaches to dealing with key threats such as prematurity, pneumonia, and injuries, as well as health system strengthening, strategies for improving the social determinants of health and investments in supporting research and data systems.

scholarly journals Health perceptions and experiences of Cantonese-speaking older immigrant women from mainland China living in Toronto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice W. Fong
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Perceptions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Studies

Few health studies have been conducted in a non-official language with participants. In addition, few studies have attempted to discover the social determinants of health to account for health inequalities for immigrant women through qualitative interviews (Hyman, 2007). This study endeavoured to understand the perceptions of health and the experiences of healthcare services in Toronto by Cantonese-speaking older immigrant women. The study was conducted in their own language. In addition to the Cantonese-speaking older immigrant women, community workers who work with Chinese immigrant clients were also interviewed. The social determinants of health were divided into post-migration challenges and systemic barriers, then analyzed with an intersectional theoretical framework. This study highlights the importance of an intersectional approach since many social determinants influenced the participants' health experiences. Furthermore, this study underlines the need to advocate for immigrant health to take prominence in national health policy in Canada.

Influence of the social determinants of health on access to healthcare services among refugees in Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Taylor ◽  
Greer Lamaro Haintz
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Social Ecological Model ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills

Refugees in Australia are not fully utilising the healthcare system for several reasons and this may be affecting their overall health outcomes. This qualitative systematic review examined the influence of the social determinants of health on refugees’ access to healthcare services in Australia. Electronic databases were searched using terms relating to refugees, social determinants, healthcare services, barriers, enablers and Australia. Only peer-reviewed studies published in English since 2006, which focused on refugees and specifically discussed social determinants influencing refugees’ access to healthcare services in Australia, were included. The studies were critically analysed using standard Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Tools. Eight studies were included in the review. Findings reveal multiple factors influence refugees’ access to healthcare in Australia, and these can be conceptualised within a social-ecological model of health; that is, they operate across individual, interpersonal, environmental, organisational and policy levels. The novel finding of this review was the re-occurrence of similar influences across multiple healthcare service settings in Australia. The prevalence and re-occurring nature of the social determinants of health suggests that refugees are experiencing multilayered barriers to accessing Australian healthcare. All levels of a social-ecological model must be addressed in any attempt to break down these barriers.

scholarly journals Health perceptions and experiences of Cantonese-speaking older immigrant women from mainland China living in Toronto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice W. Fong
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Perceptions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Studies

Few health studies have been conducted in a non-official language with participants. In addition, few studies have attempted to discover the social determinants of health to account for health inequalities for immigrant women through qualitative interviews (Hyman, 2007). This study endeavoured to understand the perceptions of health and the experiences of healthcare services in Toronto by Cantonese-speaking older immigrant women. The study was conducted in their own language. In addition to the Cantonese-speaking older immigrant women, community workers who work with Chinese immigrant clients were also interviewed. The social determinants of health were divided into post-migration challenges and systemic barriers, then analyzed with an intersectional theoretical framework. This study highlights the importance of an intersectional approach since many social determinants influenced the participants' health experiences. Furthermore, this study underlines the need to advocate for immigrant health to take prominence in national health policy in Canada.

Addressing the Social Determinants of Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saty Satya-Murti ◽  
Jennifer Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Social Activism ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Community Center ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Social

The Los Angeles Plaza Community Center (PCC), an early twentieth-century Los Angeles community center and clinic, published El Mexicano, a quarterly newsletter, from 1913 to 1925. The newsletter’s reports reveal how the PCC combined walk-in medical visits with broader efforts to address the overall wellness of its attendees. Available records, some with occasional clinical details, reveal the general spectrum of illnesses treated over a twelve-year span. Placed in today’s context, the medical care given at this center was simple and minimal. The social support it provided, however, was multifaceted. The center’s caring extended beyond providing medical attention to helping with education, nutrition, employment, transportation, and moral support. Thus, the social determinants of health (SDH), a prominent concern of present-day public health, was a concept already realized and practiced by these early twentieth-century Los Angeles Plaza community leaders. Such practices, although not yet nominally identified as SDH, had their beginnings in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century social activism movement aiming to mitigate the social ills and inequities of emerging industrial nations. The PCC was one of the pioneers in this effort. Its concerns and successes in this area were sophisticated enough to be comparable to our current intentions and aspirations.

Health Disparities and the Social Determinants of Health: Ethical and Social Justice Issues

2019 ◽  
pp. 265-276
Author(s):  
Sridhar Venkatapuram
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Global Justice ◽  
Social Epidemiology ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
The Social

The term health disparities (also called health inequalities) refers to the differences in health outcomes and related events across individuals and social groups. Social determinants of health, meanwhile, refers to certain types of causes of ill health in individuals, including lack of early infant care and stimulation, lack of safe and secure employment, poor housing conditions, discrimination, lack of self-respect, poor personal relationships, low community cohesion, and income inequality. These social determinants stand in contrast to others, such as individual biology, behaviors, and proximate exposures to harmful agents. This chapter presents some of the revolutionary findings of social epidemiology and the science of social determinants of health, and shows how health disparities and social determinants raise profound questions in public health ethics and social/global justice philosophy.

scholarly journals Exploring the local policy context for reducing health inequalities in children and young people: an in depth qualitative case study of one local authority in the North of England, UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Holding ◽  
Hannah Fairbrother ◽  
Naomi Griffin ◽  
Jonathan Wistow ◽  
Katie Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Inequalities In Health ◽  
The North

Abstract Background Improving children and young people’s (CYP) health and addressing health inequalities are international priorities. Reducing inequalities is particularly pertinent in light of the Covid-19 outbreak which has exacerbated already widening inequalities in health. This study aimed to explore understandings of inequality, the anticipated pathways for reducing inequalities among CYP and key factors affecting the development and implementation of policy to reduce inequalities among CYP at a local level. Methods We carried out a qualitative case study of one local government region in the North of England (UK), comprising semi structured interviews (n = 16) with service providers with a responsibility for child health, non-participant observations of key meetings (n = 6 with 43 participants) where decisions around child health are made, and a local policy documentation review (n = 11). We employed a novel theoretical framework, drawing together different approaches to understanding policy, to guide our design and analysis. Results Participants in our study understood inequalities in CYP health almost exclusively as socioeconomically patterned inequalities in health practices and outcomes. Strategies which participants perceived to reduce inequalities included: preventive support and early intervention, an early years/whole family focus, targeted working in local areas of high deprivation, organisational integration and whole system/place-based approaches. Despite demonstrating a commitment to a social determinants of health approach, efforts to reduce inequalities were described as thwarted by the prevalence of poverty and budget cuts which hindered the ability of local organisations to work together. Participants critiqued national policy which aimed to reduce inequalities in CYP health for failing to recognise local economic disparities and the interrelated nature of the determinants of health. Conclusions Despite increased calls for a ‘whole systems’ approach to reducing inequalities in health, significant barriers to implementation remain. National governments need to work towards more joined up policy making, which takes into consideration regional disparities, allows for flexibility in interpretation and addresses the different and interrelated social determinants of health. Our findings have particular significance in light of Covid-19 and indicate the need for systems level policy responses and a health in all policies approach.

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