Shoulder and humerus
Surgical intervention is sometimes required to ensure correct reduction and functionality of the limb. Due to the location of the shoulder and humerus next to the torso and the relative infrequency of such procedures, they can represent a challenge for the radiographer. This chapter covers a selection of orthopaedic procedures involving the shoulder and proximal humerus, covering clavicle plating, tuberosity fracture fixation with screws, plating of the proximal humerus and shoulder, plating of the humeral shaft, and antegrade and retrograde intramedullary nailing of the humerus. Each procedure includes images that demonstrate the position of the C-arm, patient, and surgical equipment, with accompanying radiographs demonstrating the resulting images.