Functional anatomy of the pelvis and gluteal region

2021 ◽  
pp. 1209-1212
Author(s):  
Donald Hudson ◽  
Sean Moodley
Keyword(s):  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Gluteal Region ◽  
Regional Anatomy ◽  
Ligamentous Structure

A thorough understanding and knowledge of the regional anatomy of the pelvis and gluteal regions is essential for the understanding of the pathology and the flaps required for the reconstruction of various defects. The bony and ligamentous structure of the pelvis and the muscular and vascular anatomy of the gluteal region are described.

The functional vascular anatomy of the swine for research

Vascular ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 170853812199650
Author(s):  
Joseph Edwards ◽  
Hossam Abdou ◽  
Neerav Patel ◽  
Marta J Madurska ◽  
Kelly Poe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Translational Research ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Translational Research Program ◽  
And Function

Objectives Swine ( Sus Scrofa) are utilized broadly in research settings, given similarities to human vessel size and function; however, there are some important differences for clinicians to understand in order to interpret and perform translational research. This review article uses angiograms acquired in the course of a translational research program to present a description of the functional anatomy of the swine. Methods Digital subtraction angiography and computed tomography angiography were obtained throughout the course of multiple studies utilizing power injection with iodinated contrast. Subtracted two-dimensional images and three-dimensional multiplanar reformations were utilized post image acquisition to create maximal intensity projections and three-dimensional renderings of using open-source software (OsiriX). These imaging data are presented along with vessel measurements for reference. Results An atlas highlighting swine vascular anatomy, with an emphasis on inter-species differences that may influence how studies are conducted and interpreted, was compiled. Conclusions Swine are utilized in broad-reaching fields for preclinical research. While many similarities between human and swine vasculature exist, there are important differences to consider when conducting and interpreting research. This review article highlights these differences and presents accompanying images to inform clinicians gaining experience in swine research.

Anatomic and Biomechanical Considerations of the Craniovertebral Junction

Neurosurgery ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. A2-A6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Martin ◽  
Harlan J. Bruner ◽  
Dennis J. Maiman
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Surgical Approach ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Craniovertebral Junction ◽  
Anatomic Variations ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Regional Anatomy ◽  
Atlas And Axis

Abstract AN UNDERSTANDING OF the regional anatomy and specific biomechanics of the craniovertebral junction is relevant to the specific diseases that affect the region as well as instrumentation of the occiput, atlas, and axis. This article reviews the bony, ligamentous, and vascular anatomy of the region, in relation to the posterior surgical approach to this anatomically unique segment of the cervical spine. Anatomic variations of the area are also discussed. Basic principles of instrumentation of the region are also reviewed. The kinematics of the region as they pertain to the anatomic discussion are reviewed and discussed.

Functional Anatomy Underlying Pharyngeal Swallowing Mechanics and Swallowing Performance Goals

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-655
Author(s):  
William G. Pearson ◽  
Jacline V. Griffeth ◽  
Alexis M. Ennis
Keyword(s):  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
Laryngeal Elevation ◽  
Port Closure ◽  
Swallowing Dysfunction ◽  
Hyoid Movement ◽  
Pharyngeal Swallowing ◽  
Pharyngeal Constriction

Purpose Rehabilitation of pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction requires a thorough understanding of the functional anatomy underlying the performance goals of pharyngeal swallowing. These goals include the safe and efficient transfer of a bolus through the hypopharynx into the esophagus. Penetration or aspiration of a bolus threatens swallowing safety. Bolus residue indicates swallowing inefficiency. Several primary mechanics, or elements of the swallowing mechanism, underlie these performance goals, with some elements contributing to both goals. These primary mechanics include velopharyngeal port closure, hyoid movement, laryngeal elevation, pharyngeal shortening, tongue base retraction, and pharyngeal constriction. Each element of the swallowing mechanism is under neuromuscular control and is therefore, in principle, a potential target for rehabilitation. Secondary mechanics of pharyngeal swallowing, those movements dependent on primary mechanics, include opening the upper esophageal sphincter and epiglottic inversion. Conclusion Understanding the functional anatomy of pharyngeal swallowing underlying swallowing performance goals will facilitate anatomically informed critical thinking in the rehabilitation of pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction.

Functional Anatomy of Intensity Aspects of Attention

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Sturm
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Stimulus Modality ◽  
Spatial Orienting ◽  
Phasic Alertness ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Attention System

Abstract: Behavioral and PET/fMRI-data are presented to delineate the functional networks subserving alertness, sustained attention, and vigilance as different aspects of attention intensity. The data suggest that a mostly right-hemisphere frontal, parietal, thalamic, and brainstem network plays an important role in the regulation of attention intensity, irrespective of stimulus modality. Under conditions of phasic alertness there is less right frontal activation reflecting a diminished need for top-down regulation with phasic extrinsic stimulation. Furthermore, a high overlap between the functional networks for alerting and spatial orienting of attention is demonstrated. These findings support the hypothesis of a co-activation of the posterior attention system involved in spatial orienting by the anterior alerting network. Possible implications of these findings for the therapy of neglect are proposed.

What Is Left Is Right

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Hugdahl ◽  
René Westerhausen
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Functional Asymmetry ◽  
Planum Temporale ◽  
Evolution Of Speech

The present paper is based on a talk on hemispheric asymmetry given by Kenneth Hugdahl at the Xth European Congress of Psychology, Praha July 2007. Here, we propose that hemispheric asymmetry evolved because of a left hemisphere speech processing specialization. The evolution of speech and the need for air-based communication necessitated division of labor between the hemispheres in order to avoid having duplicate copies in both hemispheres that would increase processing redundancy. It is argued that the neuronal basis of this labor division is the structural asymmetry observed in the peri-Sylvian region in the posterior part of the temporal lobe, with a left larger than right planum temporale area. This is the only example where a structural, or anatomical, asymmetry matches a corresponding functional asymmetry. The increase in gray matter volume in the left planum temporale area corresponds to a functional asymmetry of speech processing, as indexed from both behavioral, dichotic listening, and functional neuroimaging studies. The functional anatomy of the corpus callosum also supports such a view, with regional specificity of information transfer between the hemispheres.

Transcatheter Chemoembolization of a Hepatocellular Carcinoma Utilizing Lipiodol through the Pancreaticoduodenal Arcade: A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Scott P Patterson ◽  
Richard G Foster
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Left Gastric Artery ◽  
Target Lesion ◽  
Celiac Artery ◽  
Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Gastric Artery ◽  
Variant Anatomy ◽  
Pancreaticoduodenal Arcade

This case report describes the chemoembolization of a small hepatocellular carcinoma employing a lipiodol drug delivery system utilizing a novel arterial pathway. Because the target lesion was precariously located adjacent to the inferior heart border and the diaphragm, it was unsuitable for imaging-guided microwave ablation. To achieve chemoembolization, several intraprocedural adaptations were necessary, given the variant anatomy encountered and difficulty accessing the left gastric artery through a celiac artery approach. The left gastric artery was selected from a superior mesenteric artery approach through the pancreaticoduodenal arcade (Rio Branco’s arcade). This case illustrates the importance of a mastery of the vascular anatomy and variants of hepatic arterial flow.

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