The Immunocompromised Patient: AIDS

Chest Imaging ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 239-243
Author(s):  
Juliana Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Normal Chest ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that results in decreased immunity and favors infectious or neoplastic conditions. The onset of clinical AIDS is defined by a CD4 count of less than 200 cells/mm3 or CD4 cells < 14% of all leukocytes in an HIV-positive patient, even in the absence of opportunistic infections. Imaging abnormalities in HIV(+) should be correlated with the CD4 count to narrow the differential diagnosis. Diffuse ground glass opacities (GGO) on CT in a patient with AIDS and hypoxemia, is virtually diagnostic of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). CT is indicated in HIV(+) patients with respiratory symptoms and normal chest radiographs. Suspect tuberculosis (TB) in patients with advanced AIDS and low CD4 counts presenting with consolidation and lymphadenopathy. Kaposi sarcoma (KS) may simulate cardiogenic pulmonary edema on imaging and should be suspected in patients without clinical evidence of edema.

scholarly journals Gambaran Status Kebersihan Gigi dan Mulut pada Pengidap HIV/AIDS di Yayasan Batamang Plus Bitung

e-GIGI ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitrisya C. Kinontoa ◽  
Christy N. Mintjelungan ◽  
Elita Tambunan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Dental Hygiene ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/ AIDS) is an infectious disease that attacks the immune system, therefore, the individual becomes more susceptible to opportunistic infections. The lower the dental and oral hygiene status are, the more susceptible an individual to opportunistic infections in the oral cavity due to the presence of HIV/AIDS. This study was aimed to obtain the status of oral and dental hygiene in individuals with HIV/AIDS at the Batamang Plus Foundation in Bitung. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Data were obtained by examination of oral and dental hygiene status using OHI-S index. There were 30 respondents obtained by using total sampling method. The results showed that the highest percentage of the oral and dental hygiene status of the respondents (68% of male respondent and 57% of female respondents) was at moderate category. The average OHI-S was 2,2, categorized as moderate. Conclusion: Most respondents in this study had moderate category of oral and dental hygiene status.Keywords: human immunodeficiency virus, dental and oral hygiene status Abstrak: Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) merupakan penyakit menular yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh seseorang sehingga lebih mudah terserang infeksi oportunistik. Semakin rendah status kebersihan gigi dan mulut seorang pengidap HIV/AIDS akan lebih memudahkannya terserang infeksi oportunistik pada rongga mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status kebersihan gigi dan mulut pada pengidap HIV/AIDS di Yayasan Batamang Plus Bitung. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Data diperoleh dari hasil pemeriksaan status kebersihan gigi dan mulut menggunakan indeks OHI-S. Terdapat 30 responden yang diperoleh mengunakan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa persentase tertinggi dari status kebersihan gigi dan mulut responden berada pada kategori sedang yaitu 68% responden laki-laki dan 57% responden perempuan. Rerata OHI-S yang diperoleh ialah 2,2 yang tergolong kategori sedang. Simpulan: Sebagian besar responden memiliki status kebersihan gigi dan mulut kategori sedang.Kata kunci: pengidap HIV/AIDS, kebersihan gigi dan mulut

scholarly journals The origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Darwinian or Lamarckian?

2001 ◽  
Vol 356 (1410) ◽  
pp. 877-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Burr ◽  
J. M. Hyman ◽  
Gerald Myers
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Darwinian Evolution ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency ◽  
Hiv 1

The subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV–1) group M exhibit a remarkable similarity in their between–subtype distances, which we refer to as high synchrony. The shape of the phylogenetic tree of these subtypes is referred to as a sunburst to distinguish it from a simple star phylogeny. Neither a sunburst pattern nor a comparable degree of symmetry is seen in a natural process such as in feline immunodeficiency virus evolution. We therefore have undertaken forward–process simulation studies employing coalescent theory to investigate whether such highly synchronized subtypes could be readily produced by natural Darwinian evolution. The forward model includes both classical (macro) and molecular (micro) epidemiological components. HIV–1 group M subtype synchrony is quantified using the standard deviation of the between–subtype distances and the average of the within–subtype distances. Highly synchronized subtypes and a sunburst phylogeny are not observed in our simulated data, leading to the conclusion that a quasi–Lamarckian, punctuated event occurred. The natural transfer theory for the origin of human acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cannot easily be reconciled with these findings and it is as if a recent non–Darwinian process took place coincident with the rise of AIDS in Africa.

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