Progress in the Treatment of HIV-Associated Lymphoma When Combined With the Antiretroviral Therapies

With the wide use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the life expectancy of HIV-infected individuals drastically improved. However, HIV infection and HIV-associated cancers were the most common causes of death in the HIV-infected populations. The HIV-associated cancers are divided into acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining and non-AIDS-defining cancers based on the incidence among the HIV-infected patients. Among HIV-associated cancers, acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related lymphoma (ARL) is still the most common condition and the leading cause of HIV/AIDS-related deaths. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) are the most common subtypes of the ARL. Although Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) is not considered as an AIDS-defining cancer, incidence of HL in HIV-infected individuals is higher than the general population. The review summarizes the new progress in the treatment of HIV-associated lymphoma.

A case of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome who showed eosinophilia and an increased serum TARC/CCL17 level

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) shows eosinophilic pneumonia like condition. The detailed mechanisms how AIDS-associated PCP causes eosinophilic pneumonia has not been elucidated, but it has been suggested that beta-D-glucan, a major component of Pneumocystis jirovecii, and T helper type 2 immunity may be involved in the mechanism of eosinophilia in the lung. We experienced the case who developed an eosinophilic pneumonia-like condition in a patient with AIDS-associated PCP, whose clinical course indicated the importance of TARC/CCL17 but not IL-4 and IL-5 as involved in eosinophilia caused by HIV and Pneumocystis jirovecii infection.

Pengaruh Pemberian Konseling Apoteker pada Pasien HIV-AIDS Di Poliklinik Rawat Jalan RS Bhayangkara TK I R. Said Sukanto

HIV-AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) merupakan suatu penyakit yang terus berkembang dan menjadi masalah global yang melanda dunia. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) adalah sejenis virus yang menyerang/menginfeksi limfosit yang menyebabkan turunnya kekebalan tubuh manusia. AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) adalah sekumpulan gejala penyakit yang timbul karena turunnya kekebalan yang disebabkan infeksi oleh HIV. Pengidap HIV memerlukan pengobatan dengan ARV (Antiretrovirus) untuk menurunkan jumlah virus HIV di dalam tubuh agar tidak masuk ke dalam stadium AIDS dan untuk mencegah terjadinya infeksi oportunistik dengan berbagai komplikasinya, dalam terapi pengobatan pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk memperoleh gambaran karakterisitik (umur, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, pendidikan, stadium penyakit) menganalisis pengaruh pemberian konseling Apoteker terhadap aspek pengetahuan, kepatuhan, kualitas hidup pasien dan efektivitas terapi ARV pada mengetahui pengaruh kepatuhan pasien dalam ART terhadap peningkatan kualitas hidup pasien HIV-AIDS di RS. Bhayangkara TK I R. Said Sukanto. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi-eksperimental yang dilakukan secara prospektif. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pasien HIV yang berobat di klinik rawat jalan RS Bhayangkara Tk I R. Said Sukanto. Pembagian kelompok kontrol dan kelompok intervensi menggunakan rumus sampling sederhana. Pengambilan data dan observasi dilakukan selama 6 (enam bulan) dari bulan Oktober 2019-Maret 2020. Aspek pengetahuan dan kualitas hidup diambil dengan menggunakan kuesioner, aspek kepatuhan diambil melalui obervasi data kunjungan pasien dan sisa obat sedangkan efektifitas terapi ARV diambil berdasarkan pemeriksaan CD4 pasien. Aspek pengetahuan diambil pada kunjungan pertama dan kedua, aspek kepatuhan diambil data tiap bulan, sedangkan aspek kualitas hidup dan efektifitas terapi diambil awal kunjungan dan 6 bulan kemudian. Hasil dari penelitian ini berdasarkan demografi kategori jenis kelamin yang paling dominan yaitu laki-laki sebanyak 46 responden (76,76%). Kategori usia yang paling dominan yaitu dengan rentang usia 30 tahun – 39 tahun sebanyak 29 responden (48,33%). Kategori Pendidikan yang paling dominan yaitu kategori SMA sebanyak 31 (51,67%). Status merital yang paling dominan yaitu kelompok menikah dengan total 34 (56,67%). Kepatuhan dalam terapi ODHA mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kualitas hidup pasien HIV-AIDS dengan nilai korelasi hasil uji Chi Sqaure 0,933 sebesar 0.373 > p value 0.01.

Features of the course of chronic spontaneous urticaria in patients with Common variable immune deficiency and hypogammaglobulinemia.

Chronic spontaneous urticaria is a common disease that can be associated with various autoimmune, infectious (viral, bacterial, parasitic) and non-infectious inflammatory diseases, as well as occur in the symptom complex of other diseases, such as primary immunodeficiencies (PID). Currently, data about the features of the course of chronic spontaneous urticaria in patients with PID are accumulating. In this article we present two clinical cases of patients with common variable immune deficiency and one clinical case of a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia, suffering from chronic spontaneous urticaria. The article describes peculiar properties of IVIG replacement therapy at the course of urticaria in these patients. The discussion section presents data from the world literature and offers key provisions for further investigations.

An HIV-1 Positive Woman Without Usual Immunodeficiency

Introduction: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) inflicts severe damage to the immune system. It transmits from one person to another through blood transfusions and vertical and sexual transmission. It should be noted that almost all papers reporting AIDS emphasized that HIV led to immune deficiency. However, this study reported the first HIV-1 seropositive woman who had an active viral load of HIV-1 without any signs or CD4 lymphocyte count depletion. Case Presentation: This study, for the first time, reported a 46-year-old HIV-1 seropositive woman without any signs and symptoms diagnosed 31 years ago by laboratory tests. Also, it is noteworthy that the patient had not received regular therapeutics during the infection period. Our serologic tests showed an active seropositive patient without any CD4 depletion. The viral load of HIV-1 was 132967.2 u/L, which was quantified by a real-time PCR assay. Also, a CBC test was performed and showed no abnormal results. Conclusions: An untreated HIV-1 positive patient without immunodeficiency is a rare condition, and we found no report of it in the literature. This article reported an HIV-1 positive patient in whom the infection was confirmed several times using the real-time PCR method.