Chronic Post-traumatic Stress Disorders among Active Duty Vietnam Veterans: Case Reports

1984 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Kleiger
Author(s):  
C. Bouarab ◽  
V. Roullot-Lacarrière ◽  
M. Vallée ◽  
A. Le Roux ◽  
C. Guette ◽  
...  

AbstractModerate stress increases memory and facilitates adaptation. In contrast, intense stress can induce pathological memories as observed in post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD). A shift in the balance between the expression of tPA and PAI-1 proteins is responsible for this transition. In conditions of moderate stress, glucocorticoid hormones increase the expression of the tPA protein in the hippocampal brain region which by triggering the Erk1/2MAPK signaling cascade strengthens memory. When stress is particularly intense, very high levels of glucocorticoid hormones then increase the production of PAI-1 protein, which by blocking the activity of tPA induces PTSD-like memories. PAI-1 levels after trauma could be a predictive biomarker of the subsequent appearance of PTSD and pharmacological inhibition of PAI-1 activity a new therapeutic approach to this debilitating condition.


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