scholarly journals On the cosmological evolution of long gamma-ray burst properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (4) ◽  
pp. 5823-5832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M Lloyd-Ronning ◽  
Aycin Aykutalp ◽  
Jarrett L Johnson

ABSTRACT We examine the relationship between a number of long gamma-ray burst (lGRB) properties (isotropic emitted energy, luminosity, intrinsic duration, jet opening angle) and redshift. We find that even when accounting for conservative detector flux limits, there appears to be a significant correlation between isotropic equivalent energy and redshift, suggesting cosmological evolution of the lGRB progenitor. Analysing a sub-sample of lGRBs with jet opening angle estimates, we find the beaming-corrected lGRB emitted energy does not correlate with redshift, but jet opening angle does. Additionally, we find a statistically significant anticorrelation between the intrinsic prompt duration and redshift, even when accounting for potential selection effects. We also find that, for a given redshift, isotropic energy is positively correlated with intrinsic prompt duration. None of these GRB properties appear to be correlated with galactic offset. From our selection-effect-corrected redshift distribution, we estimate a co-moving rate density for lGRBs, and compare this to the global cosmic star formation rate (SFR). We find the lGRB rate mildly exceeds the global star formation rate between a redshift of 3 and 5, and declines rapidly at redshifts above this (although we cannot constrain the lGRB rate above a redshift of about 6 due to sample incompleteness). We find the lGRB rate diverges significantly from the SFR at lower redshifts. We discuss both the correlations and lGRB rate density in terms of various lGRB progenitor models and their apparent preference for low-metallicity environments.

2020 ◽  
Vol 498 (4) ◽  
pp. 5041-5047
Author(s):  
Nicole M Lloyd-Ronning ◽  
Jarrett L Johnson ◽  
Aycin Aykutalp

ABSTRACT Gamma-ray burst (GRB) data suggest that the jets from GRBs in the high redshift universe are more narrowly collimated than those at lower redshifts. This implies that we detect relatively fewer long GRB progenitor systems (i.e. massive stars) at high redshifts, because a greater fraction of GRBs have their jets pointed away from us. As a result, estimates of the star formation rate (SFR; from the GRB rate) at high redshifts may be diminished if this effect is not taken into account. In this paper, we estimate the SFR using the observed GRB rate, accounting for an evolving jet opening angle. We find that the SFR in the early universe (z > 3) can be up to an order of magnitude higher than the canonical estimates, depending on the severity of beaming angle evolution and the fraction of stars that make long GRBs. Additionally, we find an excess in the SFR at low redshifts, although this lessens when accounting for evolution of the beaming angle. Finally, under the assumption that GRBs do, in fact, trace canonical forms of the cosmic SFR, we constrain the resulting fraction of stars that must produce GRBs, again accounting for jet beaming-angle evolution. We find this assumption suggests a high fraction of stars in the early universe producing GRBs – a result that may, in fact, support our initial assertion that GRBs do not trace canonical estimates of the SFR.


2006 ◽  
Vol 455 (3) ◽  
pp. 785-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mészáros ◽  
Z. Bagoly ◽  
L. G. Balázs ◽  
I. Horváth

2012 ◽  
Vol 749 (2) ◽  
pp. L38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Trenti ◽  
Rosalba Perna ◽  
Emily M. Levesque ◽  
J. Michael Shull ◽  
John T. Stocke

1998 ◽  
Vol 506 (2) ◽  
pp. L81-L84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Krumholz ◽  
S. E. Thorsett ◽  
Fiona A. Harrison

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-265
Author(s):  
Gregory Beskin ◽  
Gor Oganesyan ◽  
Giuseppe Greco ◽  
Sergey Karpov

The results of a study of 43 peaked R-band light curves of optical counterparts of gamma-ray bursts with known redshifts are presented. The parameters of optical transients were calculated in the comoving frame, and then a search for pair correlations between them was conducted. A statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between the peak luminosity and the redshift both for pure afterglows and for events with residual gamma activity, which cannot be explained as an effect of observational selection.This suggests a cosmological evolution of the parameters of the local interstellar medium around the sources of the gamma-ray burst. In the models of forward and reverse shock waves, a relation between the density of the interstellar medium and the redshift was built for gamma-ray burst afterglows, leading to a power-law dependence of the star-formation rate at regions around GRBs on redshift with a slope of about 6.


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