scholarly journals The consequences of gamma-ray burst jet opening angle evolution on the inferred star formation rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 498 (4) ◽  
pp. 5041-5047
Author(s):  
Nicole M Lloyd-Ronning ◽  
Jarrett L Johnson ◽  
Aycin Aykutalp
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Star Formation Rate ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
High Redshift Universe

ABSTRACT Gamma-ray burst (GRB) data suggest that the jets from GRBs in the high redshift universe are more narrowly collimated than those at lower redshifts. This implies that we detect relatively fewer long GRB progenitor systems (i.e. massive stars) at high redshifts, because a greater fraction of GRBs have their jets pointed away from us. As a result, estimates of the star formation rate (SFR; from the GRB rate) at high redshifts may be diminished if this effect is not taken into account. In this paper, we estimate the SFR using the observed GRB rate, accounting for an evolving jet opening angle. We find that the SFR in the early universe (z > 3) can be up to an order of magnitude higher than the canonical estimates, depending on the severity of beaming angle evolution and the fraction of stars that make long GRBs. Additionally, we find an excess in the SFR at low redshifts, although this lessens when accounting for evolution of the beaming angle. Finally, under the assumption that GRBs do, in fact, trace canonical forms of the cosmic SFR, we constrain the resulting fraction of stars that must produce GRBs, again accounting for jet beaming-angle evolution. We find this assumption suggests a high fraction of stars in the early universe producing GRBs – a result that may, in fact, support our initial assertion that GRBs do not trace canonical estimates of the SFR.

scholarly journals On the cosmological evolution of long gamma-ray burst properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (4) ◽  
pp. 5823-5832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M Lloyd-Ronning ◽  
Aycin Aykutalp ◽  
Jarrett L Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Star Formation Rate ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Selection Effect ◽  
Cosmological Evolution ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Redshift Distribution ◽  
Isotropic Energy ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst

ABSTRACT We examine the relationship between a number of long gamma-ray burst (lGRB) properties (isotropic emitted energy, luminosity, intrinsic duration, jet opening angle) and redshift. We find that even when accounting for conservative detector flux limits, there appears to be a significant correlation between isotropic equivalent energy and redshift, suggesting cosmological evolution of the lGRB progenitor. Analysing a sub-sample of lGRBs with jet opening angle estimates, we find the beaming-corrected lGRB emitted energy does not correlate with redshift, but jet opening angle does. Additionally, we find a statistically significant anticorrelation between the intrinsic prompt duration and redshift, even when accounting for potential selection effects. We also find that, for a given redshift, isotropic energy is positively correlated with intrinsic prompt duration. None of these GRB properties appear to be correlated with galactic offset. From our selection-effect-corrected redshift distribution, we estimate a co-moving rate density for lGRBs, and compare this to the global cosmic star formation rate (SFR). We find the lGRB rate mildly exceeds the global star formation rate between a redshift of 3 and 5, and declines rapidly at redshifts above this (although we cannot constrain the lGRB rate above a redshift of about 6 due to sample incompleteness). We find the lGRB rate diverges significantly from the SFR at lower redshifts. We discuss both the correlations and lGRB rate density in terms of various lGRB progenitor models and their apparent preference for low-metallicity environments.

scholarly journals Exploration of the high-redshift universe enabled by THESEUS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Tanvir ◽  
E. Le Floc’h ◽  
L. Christensen ◽  
J. Caruana ◽  
R. Salvaterra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Chemical Enrichment ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Population Iii Stars ◽  
High Redshift Universe

AbstractAt peak, long-duration gamma-ray bursts are the most luminous sources of electromagnetic radiation known. Since their progenitors are massive stars, they provide a tracer of star formation and star-forming galaxies over the whole of cosmic history. Their bright power-law afterglows provide ideal backlights for absorption studies of the interstellar and intergalactic medium back to the reionization era. The proposed THESEUS mission is designed to detect large samples of GRBs at z > 6 in the 2030s, at a time when supporting observations with major next generation facilities will be possible, thus enabling a range of transformative science. THESEUS will allow us to explore the faint end of the luminosity function of galaxies and the star formation rate density to high redshifts; constrain the progress of re-ionisation beyond $z\gtrsim 6$ z ≳ 6 ; study in detail early chemical enrichment from stellar explosions, including signatures of Population III stars; and potentially characterize the dark energy equation of state at the highest redshifts.

Gamma-ray bursts in the early Universe

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S265) ◽  
pp. 73-74
Author(s):  
Attila Mészáros ◽  
Jakub Řípa ◽  
David Huja
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Star Formation Rate ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts

AbstractThe long gamma-ray bursts are at high redshifts, and they trace the star-formation rate. Hence, they may well serve as milestones in the early Universe.

scholarly journals Revealing the High-Redshift Star Formation Rate with Gamma-Ray Bursts

2008 ◽  
Vol 683 (1) ◽  
pp. L5-L8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Yüksel ◽  
Matthew D. Kistler ◽  
John F. Beacom ◽  
Andrew M. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Star Formation Rate ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of the gamma-ray bursts at very high redshift

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (S333) ◽  
pp. 203-206
Author(s):  
Attila Mészáros
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Star Formation ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Star Formation Rate ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Cosmological Principle ◽  
Statistical Studies ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe author - with his collaborators - already in years 1995-96 have shown - purely from the analyses of the observations - that the gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can be till redshift 20. Since that time several other statistical studies of the spatial distribution of GRBs were provided. Remarkable conclusions concerning the star-formation rate and the validity of the cosmological principle were obtained about the regions of the cosmic dawn. In this contribution these efforts are surveyed.

scholarly journals GAMMA-RAY BURST HOST GALAXY SURVEYS AT REDSHIFT z ≳ 4: PROBES OF STAR FORMATION RATE AND COSMIC REIONIZATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 749 (2) ◽  
pp. L38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Trenti ◽  
Rosalba Perna ◽  
Emily M. Levesque ◽  
J. Michael Shull ◽  
John T. Stocke
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Star Formation Rate ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Host Galaxy ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst ◽  
Galaxy Surveys

scholarly journals Observations of the Lyman-α Universe

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 617-659
Author(s):  
Masami Ouchi ◽  
Yoshiaki Ono ◽  
Takatoshi Shibuya
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Dwarf Galaxy ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Resonant Scattering ◽  
Dark Matter Halo ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
High Redshift Universe

Hydrogen Lyman-α (Lyα) emission has been one of the major observational probes for the high-redshift Universe since the first discoveries of high- z Lyα-emitting galaxies in the late 1990s. Due to the strong Lyα emission originated by resonant scattering and recombination of the most abundant element, Lyα observations witness not only Hii regions of star formation and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) but also diffuse Hi gas in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) and the intergalactic medium (IGM). Here, we review Lyα sources and present theoretical interpretations reached to date. We conclude the following: ▪  A typical Lyα emitter (LAE) at z ≳ 2 with a L* Lyα luminosity is a high- z counterpart of a local dwarf galaxy, a compact metal-poor star-forming galaxy (SFG) with an approximate stellar (dark matter halo) mass and star-formation rate of 108−9M⊙ (1010−11M⊙) and 1–10 M⊙ year−1, respectively. ▪  High- z SFGs ubiquitously have a diffuse Lyα-emitting halo in the CGM extending to the halo virial radius and beyond. ▪  Remaining neutral hydrogen at the epoch of cosmic reionization makes a strong dimming of Lyα emission for galaxies at z > 6 that suggests the late reionization history. The next-generation large-telescope projects will combine Lyα emission data with Hi Lyα absorptions and 21-cm radio data that map out the majority of hydrogen (Hi+Hii) gas, uncovering the exchanges of ( a) matter by outflow and inflow and ( b) radiation, relevant to cosmic reionization, between galaxies and the CGM/IGM.

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