scholarly journals Regulation of glutamate receptor B pre-mRNA splicing by RNA editing

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 3723-3732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera K. Schoft ◽  
Sandy Schopoff ◽  
Michael F. Jantsch
Keyword(s):  
Rna Editing ◽  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Editing Site ◽  
Mrna Splicing ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Glutamate Receptor Subunit ◽  
Splicing Efficiency ◽  
Intron Removal ◽  
Subunit B

Abstract RNA-editing enzymes of the ADAR family convert adenosines to inosines in double-stranded RNA substrates. Frequently, editing sites are defined by base-pairing of the editing site with a complementary intronic region. The glutamate receptor subunit B (GluR-B) pre-mRNA harbors two such exonic editing sites termed Q/R and R/G. Data from ADAR knockout mice and in vitro editing assays suggest an intimate connection between editing and splicing of GluR-B pre-mRNA. By comparing the events at the Q/R and R/G sites, we can show that editing can both stimulate and repress splicing efficiency. The edited nucleotide, but not ADAR binding itself, is sufficient to exert this effect. The presence of an edited nucleotide at the R/G site reduces splicing efficiency of the adjacent intron facilitating alternative splicing events occurring downstream of the R/G site. Lack of editing inhibits splicing at the Q/R site. Editing of both the Q/R nucleotide and an intronic editing hotspot are required to allow efficient splicing. Inefficient intron removal may ensure that only properly edited mRNAs become spliced and exported to the cytoplasm.

scholarly journals Editing of glutamate receptor B subunit ion channel RNAs by four alternatively spliced DRADA2 double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminases.

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 2413-2424 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Lai ◽  
C X Chen ◽  
K C Carter ◽  
K Nishikura
Keyword(s):  
Rna Editing ◽  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Editing Site ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
B Subunit ◽  
Site Selectivity ◽  
Hepatitis Delta Antigen ◽  
Terminal Structure

Double-stranded (ds) RNA-specific adenosine deaminase converts adenosine residues into inosines in dsRNA and edits transcripts of certain cellular and viral genes such as glutamate receptor (GluR) subunits and hepatitis delta antigen. The first member of this type of deaminase, DRADA1, has been recently cloned based on the amino acid sequence information derived from biochemically purified proteins. Our search for DRADA1-like genes through expressed sequence tag databases led to the cloning of the second member of this class of enzyme, DRADA2, which has a high degree of sequence homology to DRADA1 yet exhibits a distinctive RNA editing site selectivity. There are four differentially spliced isoforms of human DRADA2. These different isoforms of recombinant DRADA2 proteins, including one which is a human homolog of the recently reported rat RED1, were analyzed in vitro for their GluR B subunit (GluR-B) RNA editing site selectivity. As originally reported for rat RED1, the DRADA2a and -2b isoforms edit GluR-B RNA efficiently at the so-called Q/R site, whereas DRADA1 barely edits this site. In contrast, the R/G site of GluR-B RNA was edited efficiently by the DRADA2a and -2b isoforms as well as DRADA1. Isoforms DRADA2c and -2d, which have a distinctive truncated shorter C-terminal structure, displayed weak adenosine-to-inosine conversion activity but no editing activity tested at three known sites of GluR-B RNA. The possible role of these DRADA2c and -2d isoforms in the regulatory mechanism of RNA editing is discussed.

Editing of glutamate receptor subunit B pre-mRNA in vitro by site-specific deamination of adenosine

Nature ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 374 (6517) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Hua Yang ◽  
Pamela Sklar ◽  
Richard Axel ◽  
Tom Maniatis
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Receptor Subunit ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Glutamate Receptor Subunit ◽  
Subunit B

scholarly journals Recognition of RNA Editing Sites Is Directed by Unique Proteins in Chloroplasts: Biochemical Identification of cis-Acting Elements and trans-Acting Factors Involved in RNA Editing in Tobacco and Pea Chloroplasts

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 6726-6734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Miyamoto ◽  
Junichi Obokata ◽  
Masahiro Sugiura
Keyword(s):  
Rna Editing ◽  
Editing Site ◽  
Mrna Editing ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Biochemical Identification ◽  
Editing Activity

ABSTRACT RNA editing in higher-plant chloroplasts involves C-to-U conversions at specific sites. Although in vivo analyses have been performed, little is known about the biochemical aspects of chloroplast editing reactions. Here we improved our original in vitro system and devised a procedure for preparing active chloroplast extracts not only from tobacco plants but also from pea plants. Using our tobacco in vitro system, cis-acting elements were defined for psbE and petB mRNAs. Distinct proteins were found to bind specifically to each cis-element, a 56-kDa protein to the psbE site and a 70-kDa species to the petB site. Pea chloroplasts lack the corresponding editing site in psbE since T is already present in the DNA. Parallel in vitro analyses with tobacco and pea extracts revealed that the pea plant has no editing activity for psbE mRNAs and lacks the 56-kDa protein, whereas petB mRNAs are edited and the 70-kDa protein is also present. Therefore, coevolution of an editing site and its cognate trans-factor was demonstrated biochemically in psbE mRNA editing between tobacco and pea plants.

scholarly journals Structural Requirements for RNA Editing in Glutamate Receptor Pre-mRNAs by Recombinant Double-stranded RNA Adenosine Deaminase

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (21) ◽  
pp. 12221-12226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Maas ◽  
Thorsten Melcher ◽  
Anne Herb ◽  
Peter H. Seeburg ◽  
Walter Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Deaminase ◽  
Rna Editing ◽  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Structural Requirements ◽  
Double Stranded Rna

Editing of pre-mRNAs can occur before cis- and trans-splicing in Petunia mitochondria

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 4274-4277
Author(s):  
C A Sutton ◽  
P L Conklin ◽  
K D Pruitt ◽  
M R Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Rna Editing ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Editing Site ◽  
Differential Hybridization ◽  
Trans Splicing ◽  
Intron Removal ◽  
Cis And Trans ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Editing Process

Plant mitochondrial mRNAs have recently been shown to undergo editing, involving cytidine-to-uridine changes relative to the DNA sequence. We have examined the temporal relationship of editing and intron removal in coxII mRNAs in Petunia mitochondria. By using differential hybridization to probes specific for edited and unedited RNA and by sequencing of individual unspliced coxII pre-mRNA cDNAs, we found that RNA editing at any editing site can precede the splicing event. Similar results were obtained from examinations of pre-mRNA cDNAs of nad1, a gene composed of multiple exons that are both cis and trans spliced. Thus, intron removal is not required before editing can occur. The existence of editing intermediates indicates that the editing process is not strictly coincident with transcription.

RNA editing of a human glutamate receptor subunit

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jang-Ho J. Cha ◽  
Stephen L. Kinsman ◽  
Michael V. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Rna Editing ◽  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Receptor Subunit ◽  
Glutamate Receptor Subunit
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