scholarly journals Reducing the Nicotine Content of Cigarettes: Effects in Smokers With Mental Health Conditions and Socioeconomic Disadvantages

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S26-S28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer W Tidey ◽  
Joshua E Muscat ◽  
Jonathan Foulds ◽  
A Eden Evins ◽  
Diann E Gaalema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Mental Health Conditions

Abstract In this commentary, we review results from laboratory studies and randomized clinical trials that have examined the effects of very low–nicotine-content cigarette use in smokers with mental health conditions and socioeconomic disadvantages. On the basis of scientific evidence to date, we conclude that a reduced-nicotine standard for cigarettes would likely reduce cigarette smoking in these populations, without increasing psychiatric symptoms or compensatory smoking.

scholarly journals Role of Immunity in Pathogenesis of Psychosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Abdelghaffar ◽  
Oussama Sidhom ◽  
Lilia Laadhar ◽  
Rym Rafrafi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Antineuronal Antibodies ◽  
System Components ◽  
The Brain

The involvement of immunity in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and related psychoses was suspected a century ago but was shadowed by the dopaminergic hypothesis after the discovery of antipsychotics. We currently know that this latter theory has many limits and cannot account for the wide variety of psychotic conditions. The immune-inflammatory theory is now one of the most promising axes of research in terms of pathogenesis of several mental health conditions. Immunity and inflammation play a role at least in a subgroup of patients with psychosis. The immune system is complex with a variety of components and mediators that can all have effects on the brain and thus mediate psychiatric symptoms. In this chapter we will explore the scientific evidence of the role of immune system in pathophysiology of psychosis. The sections of this chapter will discuss the role of innate system components (cytokines, microglia, inflammation.), the role of adaptive system (lymphocytes and antibodies) with a section focusing on auto-immunity and particularly antineuronal antibodies. Finally we will discuss how this research can impact patients management and elaborate recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of Placebo-Controlled Trials of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason B Luoma
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Mental Health Conditions

After a two-decade hiatus in which research on psychedelics was essentially halted, placebo-controlled clinical trials of psychedelic-assisted therapy for mental health conditions have begun to be published. We identified nine randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials of psychedelic-assisted therapy published since 1994. Studies examined psilocybin, LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), ayahuasca (which contains a combination of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and harmala monoamine oxidase inhibitor alkaloids), and MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine). We compared the standardized mean difference between the experimental and placebo control group at the primary endpoint. Results indicated a significant mean between-groups effect size of 1.21 (Hedges g), which is larger than the typical effect size found in trials of psychopharmacological or psychotherapy interventions. For the three studies that maintained a placebo control through a follow-up assessment, effects were generally maintained at follow-up. Overall, analyses support the efficacy of psychedelic-assisted therapy across four mental health conditions—post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety/depression associated with a life-threatening illness, unipolar depression, and social anxiety among autistic adults. While study quality was high, we identify several areas for improvement regarding the conduct and reporting of trials. Larger trials with more diverse samples are needed to examine possible moderators and mediators of effects, and to establish whether effects are maintained over time.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of Placebo-Controlled Trials of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason B Luoma ◽  
Christina Chwyl ◽  
Geoff Bathje ◽  
Alan K. Davis ◽  
Rafael Lancelotta
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Mental Health Conditions

After a two-decade hiatus in which research on psychedelics was essentially halted, placebo-controlled clinical trials of psychedelic-assisted therapy for mental health conditions have begun to be published. We identified nine randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials of psychedelic-assisted therapy published since 1994. Studies examined psilocybin, LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), ayahuasca (which contains a combination of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and harmala monoamine oxidase inhibitor alkaloids), and MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine). We compared the standardized mean difference between the experimental and placebo control group at the primary endpoint. Results indicated a significant mean between-groups effect size of 1.21 (Hedges g), which is larger than the typical effect size found in trials of psychopharmacological or psychotherapy interventions. For the three studies that maintained a placebo control through a follow-up assessment, effects were generally maintained at follow-up. Overall, analyses support the efficacy of psychedelic-assisted therapy across four mental health conditions—post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety/depression associated with a life-threatening illness, unipolar depression, and social anxiety among autistic adults. While study quality was high, we identify several areas for improvement regarding the conduct and reporting of trials. Larger trials with more diverse samples are needed to examine possible moderators and mediators of effects, and to establish whether effects are maintained over time.

scholarly journals Characterizing e-cigarette use in veteran smokers with mental health conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
John Wang ◽  
Erin Rogers ◽  
Steven Fu ◽  
Amy Gravely ◽  
Siamak Noorbaloochi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Quit Smoking

AbstractIntroductionThe use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in smokers with mental health conditions (MHC) is not well understood.AimsThis study aims to compare e-cigarette users and non-users among veteran smokers with MHC to characterize differences in smoking behavior, motivation to quit, psychological distress, primary psychiatric diagnosis, and other factors.MethodsBaseline survey data were used from a randomized smoking cessation trial enrolling smokers with MHC from four Veterans Health Administration hospitals. Participants were categorized as current, former (having ever tried an e-cigarette), or never e-cigarette users. Pearson's χ2 and ANOVA Type-3 F-tests were used to test the bivariate associations between e-cigarette use and variables measured.ResultsAmong 1,836 participants, mean age was 58 years (STD ± 12.5), 87% were male, 15% were current e-cigarette users (n = 275), and 27% were former users (n = 503). Sixty-five percent of e-cigarette users reported ‘wanting to quit smoking’ as a primary reason. Mean readiness to quit smoking (1–10) was 7.2, 6.8, and 6.4 for current, former, and never e-cigarette users, respectively (P = 0.0002). Sixty-three percent of current and former users and 55% of never-users reported some mental distress on Kessler-6 scale (P = 0.0003, OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.7). A primary psychiatric diagnosis of alcohol or substance use disorder was recorded for 50% of current or former users and 60% of never-users (P = 0.0003, OR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.56–0.84).ConclusionsE-cigarette users were more ready to quit and most often reported using e-cigarettes to assist with quitting. E-cigarette users had more psychological distress and were less likely to have substance use disorders as their primary psychiatric diagnosis.

scholarly journals Electronic Cigarette Use During Preconception and/or Pregnancy: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Concurrent Mental Health Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 780-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.G. Rollins ◽  
Natasha A. Sokol ◽  
Meaghan McCallum ◽  
Lucinda England ◽  
Kristen Matteson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Mental Health Conditions

70-LB: Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated rs9939609 Gene Variant Is Related to Fasting Glucose in Children with Mental Health Conditions

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 70-LB
Author(s):  
ALEJANDRA M. WIEDEMAN ◽  
YING FAI NGAI ◽  
AMANDA M. HENDERSON ◽  
CONSTADINA PANAGIOTOPOULOS ◽  
ANGELA M. DEVLIN
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Gene Variant ◽  
Mental Health Conditions
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