Manufacturing the Golden Age of Trajan
The reign of Augustus showed how claims about Roman decline could become tools to justify regime change. Julio-Claudian emperors tended to emphasize continuity with dynastic predecessors rather than the rhetoric of decline and renewal. Following the death of Nero, Galba and the three new emperors who seized power from him justified their actions by talking about the terrible reigns of their murdered predecessors as times of Roman decline that they will correct. The same pattern appeared again after the murder of Domitian in 96. The reign of Nerva and, in particular, that of Trajan saw many senators like Pliny and Tacitus as well as authors like Plutarch echo these claims in their own work as a way to enhance their own reputations in what they framed as a new golden age.