From Swords to Ploughshares

2018 ◽  
pp. 187-202
Author(s):  
Anthony Rimmington
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Biological Warfare ◽  
World War ◽  
Unknown Number ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Second World

A number of long-range research programs were initiated by the Red Army’s biological warfare facilities which would bring about the development and application of a range of civil and defense vaccines during the Second World War. As a result, 8.5 million Soviet troops were vaccinated against plague, 90,000 against anthrax and an unknown number against tularemia. In addition, botulinum toxoids and a vaccine against brucellosis were developed. Although the Red Army’s BW institutes made some useful contribution to the development of antibiotics production, it was UK and US scientists who made critical contributions of technology. The same BW facilities also launched a program for the manufacture of bacteriophage preparations which drew heavily on technology developed in Tbilisi.

scholarly journals Writing History under the «Dictatorship of the Proletariat»: Yugoslav Historiography 1945–1991

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 49-73
Author(s):  
Michael Antolović
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second World

This paper analyzes the development of the historiography in the former socialist Yugoslavia (1945–1991). Starting with the revolutionary changes after the Second World War and the establishment of the «dictatorship of the proletariat», the paper considers the ideological surveillance imposed on historiography entailing its reconceptualization on the Marxist grounds. Despite the existence of common Yugoslav institutions, Yugoslav historiography was constituted by six historiographies focusing their research programs on the history of their own nation, i.e. the republic. Therefore, many joint historiographical projects were either left unfinished or courted controversies between historians over a number of phenomena from the Yugoslav history. Yugoslav historiography emancipated from Marxist dogmatism, and modernized itself following various forms of social history due to a gradual weakening of ideological surveillance from the 1960s onwards. However, the modernization of Yugoslav historiography was carried out only partially because of the growing social and political crises which eventually led to the dissolution of Yugoslavia.

The PBY Catalina’s Offensive Utility and Its Transformation into Black Cats and MAD Cats

Vulcan ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-99
Author(s):  
Patrick Cecil
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Offensive Weapon ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Navy ◽  
Second World ◽  
Operational Methods

Abstract By the Second World War the US Navy had slated the pby Catalina to function as its long-range patrol seaplane and considered it for a bombing role. The first months of the war, however, revealed the pby to be too antiquated and slow to be a viable offensive weapon and thus minimized its utility. Relegated to conducting patrols and rescue operations, pby crews looked to the aircraft itself and experimented with technical and operational changes in reaction to fighting the Japanese in the South Pacific and the U-boat threat in the Atlantic. With the blessing of Navy’s command structure, crews made physical adjustments, added the latest technologies, incorporated supporting armaments, and designed new operational methods on an ad hoc basis for their respective circumstances and opponent. This experimentation and innovation resulted in the enhancement of the pby’s offensive utility as an attack weapon, and its transformation into the Black Cats and mad Cats.

Stalin’s BW Archipelago

2018 ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Anthony Rimmington
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Biological Weapons ◽  
Biological Warfare ◽  
World War ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
Research Institute

During the immediate post-war period, Lavrentiy Beria, the Soviet minister of internal affairs, continued to maintain control of the Soviet biological warfare program and to further develop its offensive capabilities. In his new role, Beria and his staff had access to biological weapons specialists captured as a result of the Soviet victory in the Second World War. In the post-war period, Beria maintained the NIIEG facility at remote Kirov as the key hub of the Soviet BW program. During the period 1947 to 1949, a new military BW facility was spun off from the Kirov institute. Based in Sverdlovsk it was known as the USSR Ministry of Defense’s Scientific-Research Institute of Hygiene. In 1953, a third military BW facility, the Scientific-Research Sanitary Institute, was created at Zagorsk. The Vozrozhdenie Island open-air BW proving ground was also expanded after the war.

The Protection of National Treasures at the British Museum During the First and Second World Wars

1992 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie L. Caygill
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Long Range ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
National Treasures ◽  
Second World

ABSTRACTWith the emergence in the 20th century of long-range methods of destruction, museums and galleries have had to develop appropriate measures to protect their collections. The British Museum first took such measures on site in 1914 and followed this by evacuating some of its most valuable objects in 1918. Similar procedures were followed in the Second World War and, despite major damage to the building, no significant items (apart from books) were lost.

Gender and the Second World War

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Peniston-Bird ◽  
Emma Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World
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