political crises
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2022 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-159
Author(s):  
Witold M. Orłowski

What reasons stood behind the instability of the power position of Russia over the last 130 years? This analysis, covering three periods of time: 1890–1913, 1980–1991, and 2000–2020, reveals astonishing similarities of structural economic problems that led to severe economic and socio-political crises. Despite different causes, each time the crisis was triggered by insufficient savings compared to needs resulting from a program of economic modernisation and imperial policy, low competitiveness of industry, and dependence on export of raw materials. These vulnerabilities of Russia became especially apparent under extraordinary circumstances (wars, economic blockades, sanctions).


2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Mairna H. MUSTAFA ◽  

This paper aims at testing the significance of using case studies as a teaching method for the topic of “Tourism Crisis Management”. The case of Arab Spring influence on Jordanian Tourism was selected for this purpose. A sample of 42 students in a Tourism Management BA Program filled a questionnaire, it focused on measuring knowledge of students about the influence of Arab Spring crisis on both the image of Jordan as a tourism destination, and Jordanian tourism economic indicators, also evaluating the performance of tourism stakeholders in the time of crisis. By conducting a paired t-test for responses before and after presenting the case study to students by the instructor, significant statistical differences were found for most of the measured variables, which supports the importance of case studies in making students more aware of political crises’ effect on tourism levels, and how to reduce their influences and retrieve the positive image of destinations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Doaa M. Salman

The paper provides an analysis of one of the feeblest countries that were once one of the richest. The country is actually facing several economic and political crises. This crisis originated from the continuous communist economic system and its’ heavy dependence on oil as a source of revenue. The dependence on oil and the absence of other sources put the country at high risk not for the country only but for the whole region. The paper provides an overview of the reasons for escalating the current situation and its implications on the neighbor countries and a conclusion reflecting the foreseen possible economic situations way out.


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-574
Author(s):  
Inna V. Andronova ◽  
Mama Dembele

The first ever integration bloc in Africa was formed back in the colonial era in 1910, when a number of British colonies were integrated. Modern integration processes in the African countries in the south of the Sahara began much later, from the early 1960s, when most of the former colonies gained independence, and it was during this period that the construction of a number of economic blocks began. The article reveals integration processes in West Africa and sub-Saharan African countries features. Integration as such is viewed as a complex procedure, with the success way which depends on many factors. On the experience of the Republic of Mali, the authors demonstrated how an irrational socio-economic policy can lead to deformation of integration processes, which inevitably threatens with deep financial and socio-political crises.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Sicard ◽  
Maria Saponari ◽  
Mathieu Vanhove ◽  
Andreina I. Castillo ◽  
Annalisa Giampetruzzi ◽  
...  

The invasive plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa currently threatens European flora through the loss of economically and culturally important host plants. This emerging vector-borne bacterium, native to the Americas, causes several important diseases in a wide range of plants including crops, ornamentals, and trees. Previously absent from Europe, and considered a quarantine pathogen, X. fastidiosa was first detected in Apulia, Italy in 2013 associated with a devastating disease of olive trees (Olive Quick Decline Syndrome, OQDS). OQDS has led to significant economic, environmental, cultural, as well as political crises. Although the biology of X. fastidiosa diseases have been studied for over a century, there is still no information on the determinants of specificity between bacterial genotypes and host plant species, which is particularly relevant today as X. fastidiosa is expanding in the naive European landscape. We analysed the genomes of 79 X . fastidiosa samples from diseased olive trees across the affected area in Italy as well as genomes of the most genetically closely related strains from Central America. We provided insights into the ecological and evolutionary emergence of this pathogen in Italy. We first showed that the outbreak in Apulia is due to a single introduction from Central America that we estimated to have occurred in 2008 [95 % HPD: 1930–2016]. By using a combination of population genomic approaches and evolutionary genomics methods, we further identified a short list of genes that could play a major role in the adaptation of X. fastidiosa to this new environment. We finally provided experimental evidence for the adaptation of the strain to this new environment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-43
Author(s):  
Aaron Bernstein

Abstract This article conducts a philological and diachronic reconstruction of the emergence and progressive formation of Gramsci’s theory of the state in the Prison Notebooks, in the process demonstrating its organic nexus with a specific conception of the nature and dynamics of crises, and its implications for working-class strategy in the struggle to construct a hegemonic alternative to the capitalist state. On the basis of this analysis, it seeks to extract the contemporary relevance of Gramsci’s theory of the integral state, political crises and his strategic proposal of the war of position for our contemporary global conjuncture, defined by the simultaneous existence of multiple interlocking crises – economic, public health, ecological and social.


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  

The research aims to study the internal variables affecting the political system, namely the constitution, national and federal identity, and political parties. The research concluded that Iraq is going through severe political crises, which are: 1.The permanent Iraqi constitution of 2005 still carries multiple problems, the most important of which is the relationship between the center and the region, with the existence of quotas and consensus, and they are the basis for the failure of effective Iraqi political decision-making, and the absence of a social contract 2.The existence of chaos of political parties and the domination of large blocs in decision-making, which led to the marginalization of minorities and the loss of their rights. Keywords:occupation; decision – making ; Internal variables; federalism; Political quota


Lateral ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Cashbaugh

Ted Striphas recently called for a return to the “problem of culture” within cultural studies. This is a political as much as a methodological provocation: “culture” became an object of analysis among mid-twentieth century scholars in dialogue with Marxist accounts of ongoing political crises. Taking a cue from this past, this essay rethinks culture in relation to the ongoing crisis in social reproduction via Social Reproduction Theory (SRT). Within some Marxist feminist currents, “social reproduction” refers to the reproduction of labor-power, Marx’s term for the capacity to work sold on the market in exchange for wages. Marxist feminists have theorized such matters at length via their analyses of the practices undergirding the reproduction of labor-power. SRT is not unfamiliar to cultural studies scholars, but those engaged with it tend to explore the representation of socially reproductive practices within culture rather than the ways culture itself contributes to labor-power’s reproduction. This is unsurprising. Historically, the field has discussed labor-power in terms of its circulation rather than its reproduction, detailing culture’s role in reproducing social systems. Drawing upon Michael Denning’s “labor theory of culture,” recent work in SRT, and Marx, I argue that culture functions in a socially reproductive capacity within the logic of capitalism. In doing so, it casts cultural struggle as a form of social reproduction struggle at the intersection of labor-power’s reproduction and that of the society that requires it. This essay constructs a systematic account of culture’s socially reproductive before using it to consider its historical expression in the current moment.


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