China’s and Japan’s Divergent Institutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-112
Author(s):  
D. Hugh Whittaker ◽  
Timothy J. Sturgeon ◽  
Toshie Okita ◽  
Tianbiao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
Unequal Treaties ◽  
Subsequent Opening

China and Japan share some historical affinities, and they faced similar challenges of foreign threats and unequal treaties in the nineteenth century. Their subsequent paths were very different, however. As a late developer, Japan experienced industrialization in two movements, the more recent being the postwar period under the strong influence of the United States and its New Deal institutions. After its 1949 revolution, China also underwent late-developer industrialization, but under the initial influence of the Soviet model. China’s rapprochement with the United States and subsequent opening led to massive institutional change and rapid growth as a compressed developer, with significant foreign direct investment and global-value-chain engagement. A comparison of education and skill development highlights just how different these paths were.

scholarly journals United States, Japanese, and Korean FDI and Intra–East Asian Trade

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwong-Chiu Fung ◽  
Hitomi Iizaka ◽  
Alan Siu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The United States ◽  
Production Network ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Source Countries

This paper documents the growing importance of intra–East Asian trade of parts and components. Our empirical analysis shows that foreign direct investment (FDI) does play an important and independent role in facilitating the trade of parts and components in East Asia. This is true for FDI from all three source countries: the United States, Japan, and South Korea. Furthermore, our empirical studies show that compared with U.S. and Korean FDI, FDI from Japan has a particularly strong influence on trade in parts and components as well as trade in capital goods. One policy implication is that economies need to improve their physical infrastructure as well as the quality of their institutions to integrate further into the East Asian production network.

scholarly journals The global value chain dimension of foreign direct investment flows in the agro-industrial sector of South Africa, 2003–2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Bezuidenhout ◽  
Sonja Grater ◽  
Ewert P.J. Kleynhans
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
South African ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
African Countries

Orientation: African countries offer many investment opportunities and also urgently need global investment finance. Along the value chains of the agro-industrial sector there are many global challenges for African countries to attract foreign direct investment. This article investigates the investment flows in agro-industries and products to and from South Africa.Research purpose: This study evaluates the nature and dimensions of the agro-industrial sector that receive investment inflows in South Africa, as well as investigating South African investment patterns into Africa.Motivation for the study: Of particular interest is the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) flows, their integration into global value chains and sustainable investment options.Research design, approach and method: Qualitative data and visual techniques using available data for the period 2003–2014 disambiguate the linkages in FDI patterns with regard to regions, industries and specific companies. Flows between regions and the specific companies are identified and studied.Main findings: The results indicate that the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands are the largest investors in South Africa, with a strong focus on agricultural input production and subsequent agro-processing industries. South African investment into Africa follows a similar, albeit narrower and more focused, pattern. The study concludes that foreign multinational enterprises are actively involved in global value chain expansion and South African firms are following suit.Practical/managerial implications: The lack of FDI in actual agricultural crop production in Africa offers future investment opportunities.Contribution/value-add: This study creates a better understanding of how FDI in agriculture is linked to the development of regional value chains in the Southern African region. The methodology applies a novel approach to an important field of study, of which little knowledge exists, and may contribute to the creation of wealth in the countries of the region and the welfare of its population.

Maximus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Byers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Action ◽  
American Art ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Self ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Art Practices ◽  
The One

This concluding chapter charts the continuing significance of the early postwar moment in Olson’s later work, particularly The Maximus Poems. The philosophical and political concerns of the American avant-garde between 1946 and 1951 play out across The Maximus Poems just as they inform later American art practices. The search of the early postwar American independent left for a source of political action rooted in the embodied individual is seen, on the one hand, to have been personified in the figure of Maximus. At the same time, Maximus’s radical ‘practice of the self’ charts a sophisticated alternative to the Enlightenment humanist subject widely critiqued in the United States in the immediate postwar period.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document