Episodes of renewal (c. AD 90–110)

2021 ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
Dominic Perring
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Hydraulic Engineering ◽  
First Century ◽  
Political Regime

The pace of urban growth in London appears to have slowed in the period immediately after Agricola’s governorship. At the end of the first century, however, London’s port saw extensive repair and enlargement. Harbour improvements commenced c. AD 94–8, perhaps under Nerva’s administration. It is argued that these works were part of a wider programme of support for the annona, designed to secure the army’s support for the new political regime. These harbour works were resumed under Trajan, when improvements were also made to the hydraulic engineering represented by wells and water-lifting devices. Several baths were built or improved at around this time, some of which may have been attached to temple precincts near the borders of the settlement.

The Rise and Decline of Car Use in Beijing and Shanghai

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Peter Newman ◽  
Jeffrey Kenworthy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
First Century ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Car Use ◽  
Urban Rail ◽  
Mixed Land Use ◽  
Dramatic Growth

Chinese cities have primarily evolved around walking, bicycling and public transport with their dense, linear form and mixed land use. The recent urban growth spurt has involved private motorisation, but because of land constraints and not fearing urban density, as in Anglo-Saxon cities, the same dense urbanism has been maintained. This means that automobiles do not easily fit into this traditional fabric and especially the historic walking fabric. Issues like congestion and air quality have become major constraints to further growth. Using Beijing and Shanghai as case studies, the next phase of urban and transport development now appears to be to reduce car use with the dramatic growth in urban rail as in most developed cities in the twenty-first century. This decoupling of car use from economic growth is consistent with other developed cities but is a first for emerging cities, hence the paper aims to explain this pattern from the cultural, political and especially urban fabric perspectives. The application to other Chinese cities and emerging cities is now possible following Beijing and Shanghai’s lead.

scholarly journals Coexisting with China in the 21st century

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (s1) ◽  
pp. 49-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Roland
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
21St Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Deng Xiaoping ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Over Time

Since Deng Xiaoping and reformers Hu Yaobang and Zhao Ziyang launched radical market reforms in China, the country became a capitalist economic system with a communist political regime, a regime never observed before in history. We discuss the nature of that regime, how stable it is likely to be over time and what the challenges are for democracies of international coexistence with this new regime in the twenty first century.

Managing Networks of Twenty-First Century Organisations

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perri Six ◽  
Nick Goodwin ◽  
Edward Peck ◽  
Tim Freeman
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Twenty First Century
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