Greek Migrant Literature in the Early Roman Empire

This article argues that the concept of migrant literature, developed in postcolonial studies, is a useful tool for analysing Greek literature of the Early Roman Empire (27 BC-AD 68). The city of Rome attracted huge numbers of migrants from across the Mediterranean. Among them were many writers from Hellenized provinces like Egypt, Syria and Asia, who wrote in Greek. Leaving their native regions and travelling to Rome, they moved between cultures, responding in Greek to the new world order. Early imperial Greek writers include Strabo of Amasia, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Nicolaus of Damascus, Timagenes of Alexandria, Crinagoras of Mytilene, Philo of Alexandria and Paul of Tarsus. What connects these authors of very different origins, styles, beliefs, and literary genres is migrancy. They are migrant writers whose works are characterized by in-betweenness, ambivalence and polyphony.

Reflections on the Challenge of our Age

The disintegration of the old world order is increasingly evident in the inability of human beings to resolve their differences, as manifested in intractable disputes about knowledge, politics, morals, and economics. In the face of such challenges, the Bahá’í Faith seeks to unite humanity in the search for truth and the building of a just and peaceful world. The purpose of this paper is to explore how Bahá’ís expect to achieve these aims through the conscious and active transformation of the moral order—not by force or coercion but by example, persuasion, consensus, and cooperation.

Economic Growth and Changes in Public Expenditures of the States in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Fiscal policies are changing due to the conditions required by the COVID-19 pandemic towards the new world order. Under these circumstances, developed countries use their resources for their citizens, and international financial institutions step in for underdeveloped and developing countries with insufficient public resources of their own or are in debt and offer new credit opportunities to these countries. This study aims to analyze how public expenditures, one of the important policies in economic growth and development, will change during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. In light of the findings obtained from the literature review, the economic effects of the pandemic are explained by making a descriptive analysis of secondary data at the levels of country groups classified according to development and income level. Secondly, factors affecting the changes in the public expenditure of countries due to the pandemic were examined, and evaluations are made on the public expenditures in fiscal policies that will ensure the economic recovery and growth of countries after the pandemic.

The Fourth Reverse Wave?

This chapter examines the work of Samuel Huntington and his theory regarding waves of democratization. The chapter notes that the international community is witnessing a move away from the globalized world order that the era has facilitated (or de-globalization) and that de-democratization is seemingly occurring simultaneously. The chapter pays particular attention to the United States and actions that have been viewed as anti-democratic by the previous presidential administration, which has accelerated the global community's leeriness when it comes to international cooperation led by the U.S.

What Is Next for the International Community?

The chapter reiterates the problems presented throughout the work and makes predictions regarding the sustainability of the globalized world order as well as suggestions for future research. The future of the world order is in jeopardy and what comes after the globalized, post-modern community remains to be seen, but certainly seems to be moving toward a more isolated and competitive world order.

How Did We Get Here?

This chapter will explore the globalization era and how the proliferation of digital technologies, transferal of information and services, as well as the establishment of the global market economy developed the interdependent, neoliberal world order that has existed for over 30 years. The chapter will examine leading theories on globalization as well as international organizations that committed much of the international community to each other via treaties, agreements, and alliances.

Pandemic Woes

This chapter takes a deep dive into the COVID-19 global pandemic of 2019-2020 and the ways in which this one major issue caused a massive breakdown in cooperation, the global supply chain, and global economics. The pandemic has shed light on the world order to come, and it looks much more transactional than ever before. The chapter also highlights vaccine diplomacy and nationalism.

The Rising Tide of Populism and Its Implications to Global Governance in the 21st Century

The rising tide of populism in the 21st century brings about new challenges to an age-old problem in politics. Among them is to identify and understand the symptoms and causes of populism in the modern era. As a political approach which holds”the forgotten man and women” as a morally good force against the perceived corrupt and self-serving “establishment,” this chapter analyzes the populist phenomenon and how it can bring about dividends, not just constraints. This chapter ends by recommending policy-makers to re-think and re-adjust global institutions to be more inclusive, to enhance their nations' cybersecurity measures, and to promote free speech. Overall, populism is a signal that something is inherently wrong in today's global society. Rather than turning a blind eye to the issue, leaders should take a hard look at the facts and understand that there are genuine grievances that have to be identified and solved in building a just and equitable new world order. We can only ignore populism at our peril.

Economics of Sustainable Creative Cities

The concept of creative cities is one of the historically ancient terms that evolve over time, as these cities played an important role as colonies of human civilization. The transformation of the world into a small village as a result of globalization has contributed to the ease of creative migration and human communication at all levels, whether through the internet, ease of travel, or ease of transporting goods. Technology has been the basis of the fourth industrial revolution and informational openness through the internet and then artificial intelligence. Actually, these elements developed the classic concept of creative cities, their economics, and their ability to face future challenges in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development. 2030 SDGs have been launched by the United Nations with the aim of protecting human life and saving the planet through development which is achieved on three axes (economic, social, and environmental) due to the inability of the classical economy to achieve these goals in the formation of a new world order.