Remembering Over the Short and Long Term

2020 ◽  
pp. 282-310
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz ◽  
Alexandru D. Iordan
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Strategic Processing ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Time Courses

This chapter reviews evidence from behavioural and cognitive neuroscience research that supports a unitary view of memory whereby working memory and long-term memory phenomena arise from representations and processes that are largely shared when remembering over the short or long term. Using ‘false working memories’ as a case study, it highlights several paradoxes that cannot be explained by a multisystem view of memory in which working memory and long-term memory are structurally distinct. Instead, it is posited that behavioural memory effects over the short and long term relating to semantic processing, modality/domain-specificity, dual-task interference, strategic processing, and so on arise from the differences in activational states and availability of different representational features (e.g. sensory/perceptual, associative, action-based) that vary in their time courses and activity, attentional priority, and susceptibility to interference. Cognitive neuroscience evidence primarily from brain imaging methodologies that support this view is reviewed.

Short- and long-term memory tasks predict working memory performance, and vice versa.

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Neath ◽  
Jean Saint-Aubin ◽  
Tamra J. Bireta ◽  
Andrew J. Gabel ◽  
Chelsea G. Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals Neural Patterns in Linguistic Cortices Discriminate the Content of Verbal Working Memory

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 2997-3014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kowialiewski ◽  
Laurens Van Calster ◽  
Lucie Attout ◽  
Christophe Phillips ◽  
Steve Majerus
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Direct Activation ◽  
Term Maintenance

Abstract An influential theoretical account of working memory (WM) considers that WM is based on direct activation of long-term memory knowledge. While there is empirical support for this position in the visual WM domain, direct evidence is scarce in the verbal WM domain. This question is critical for models of verbal WM, as the question of whether short-term maintenance of verbal information relies on direct activation within the long-term linguistic knowledge base or not is still debated. In this study, we examined the extent to which short-term maintenance of lexico-semantic knowledge relies on neural activation patterns in linguistic cortices, and this by using a fast encoding running span task for word and nonword stimuli minimizing strategic encoding mechanisms. Multivariate analyses showed specific neural patterns for the encoding and maintenance of word versus nonword stimuli. These patterns were not detectable anymore when participants were instructed to stop maintaining the memoranda. The patterns involved specific regions within the dorsal and ventral pathways, which are considered to support phonological and semantic processing to various degrees. This study provides novel evidence for a role of linguistic cortices in the representation of long-term memory linguistic knowledge during WM processing.

scholarly journals A learning mechanism completed in milliseconds capable of transitioning to stabilizable forms can generate working, short and long-term memories - A verifiable mechanism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunjumon I Vadakkan
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Learning Mechanism ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Short And Long Term

Multiple associative learning events can take place within sub-second time and the "completed" mechanism can then be used for specific memory retrieval without any lapse of time. This indicates that a biological process is completed within the matching time-scales of milliseconds that can be used for retrieving specific memory. Since qualia of working, short-term and long-term memories are same except for degradation of features in long-term memory and since every long-term memory had the capability to induce working memory immediately after learning, all memories are anticipated to get induced from a mechanism formed at the time of learning. When memories are viewed as first-person internal sensations, a derived mechanism fulfills the "completion" requirement within milliseconds that can be used to induce working memory and can be transitioned to stabilizable forms to induce short-term and long-term memories.

scholarly journals A learning mechanism completed in milliseconds capable of transitioning to stabilizable forms can generate working, short and long-term memories - A verifiable mechanism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunjumon I Vadakkan
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Learning Mechanism ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Short And Long Term

Multiple associative learning events can take place within sub-second time and the "completed" mechanism can then be used for specific memory retrieval without any lapse of time. This indicates that a biological process is completed within the matching time-scales of milliseconds that can be used for retrieving specific memory. Since qualia of working, short-term and long-term memories are same except for degradation of features in long-term memory and since every long-term memory had the capability to induce working memory immediately after learning, all memories are anticipated to get induced from a mechanism formed at the time of learning. When memories are viewed as first-person internal sensations, a derived mechanism fulfills the "completion" requirement within milliseconds that can be used to induce working memory and can be transitioned to stabilizable forms to induce short-term and long-term memories.

Semantic and Acoustic Coding in Short- and Long-Term Memory

1969 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 849-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Gruneberg ◽  
Robert N. Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Short And Long Term

This paper considers the evidence for semantic processing in STM. It is concluded that there is sufficient evidence of semantic processing in STM to make it impossible to dichotomize between long- and short-term memory on the basis of semantic coding being exclusively employed by long-term memory.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Depth of Processing Differentially Affects Working Memory and Long-Term Memory

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan S. Rose ◽  
Joel Myerson ◽  
Henry L. Roediger ◽  
Sandra Hale
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Depth Of Processing ◽  
Term Memory
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