Listening

2021 ◽  
pp. 420-436
Author(s):  
Sue Denham ◽  
István Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Auditory Scene Analysis ◽  
Simple Function ◽  
Scene Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Auditory Scene ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Perceptual Systems

Our perceptual systems provide us with information about the world around us and the things within it. However, understanding this apparently simple function is surprisingly difficult. In this chapter we focus on auditory perception and the ways in which we use sound to obtain information of the behaviour of objects in our environment. After a brief description of the auditory system, we discuss auditory scene analysis and the problem of partitioning the combined information from an unknown number of sources into the discrete perceptual objects with which we interact. Through this discussion, we conclude that auditory processing is shaped by the need to flexibly engage with the rhythms of living organisms and temporal regularities in the world.

Sources and Images

Voice Leading ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Huron
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Auditory Scene Analysis ◽  
Complex Tone ◽  
Scene Analysis ◽  
Auditory Stream ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Auditory Scene ◽  
Core Concepts

An introduction to the perception of sound is given, with special emphasis on topics useful for understanding the organization of music. The chapter covers essential concepts in acoustics and auditory perception, including basic auditory anatomy and physiology. Core concepts are defined such as vibrational mode, pure tone, complex tone, partial, harmonic, cochlea, basilar membrane, resolved partial, auditory image, auditory stream, acoustic scene, auditory scene, and auditory scene analysis.

The Cocktail Party Problem

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1875-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Haykin ◽  
Zhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Active Vision ◽  
Auditory Scene Analysis ◽  
Scene Analysis ◽  
Neural Firing ◽  
Cocktail Party ◽  
Computational Auditory Scene Analysis ◽  
General Process ◽  
Cocktail Party Problem ◽  
Auditory Scene

This review presents an overview of a challenging problem in auditory perception, the cocktail party phenomenon, the delineation of which goes back to a classic paper by Cherry in 1953. In this review, we address the following issues: (1) human auditory scene analysis, which is a general process carried out by the auditory system of a human listener; (2) insight into auditory perception, which is derived from Marr's vision theory; (3) computational auditory scene analysis, which focuses on specific approaches aimed at solving the machine cocktail party problem; (4) active audition, the proposal for which is motivated by analogy with active vision, and (5) discussion of brain theory and independent component analysis, on the one hand, and correlative neural firing, on the other.

scholarly journals The origins of music in auditory scene analysis and the roles of evolution and culture in musical creation

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1664) ◽  
pp. 20140089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel J. Trainor
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Auditory Scene Analysis ◽  
Scene Analysis ◽  
Evolutionary Adaptation ◽  
Motor Pathways ◽  
Musical Adaptations ◽  
Auditory Scene ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Timing Structure

Whether music was an evolutionary adaptation that conferred survival advantages or a cultural creation has generated much debate. Consistent with an evolutionary hypothesis, music is unique to humans, emerges early in development and is universal across societies. However, the adaptive benefit of music is far from obvious. Music is highly flexible, generative and changes rapidly over time, consistent with a cultural creation hypothesis. In this paper, it is proposed that much of musical pitch and timing structure adapted to preexisting features of auditory processing that evolved for auditory scene analysis (ASA). Thus, music may have emerged initially as a cultural creation made possible by preexisting adaptations for ASA. However, some aspects of music, such as its emotional and social power, may have subsequently proved beneficial for survival and led to adaptations that enhanced musical behaviour. Ontogenetic and phylogenetic evidence is considered in this regard. In particular, enhanced auditory–motor pathways in humans that enable movement entrainment to music and consequent increases in social cohesion, and pathways enabling music to affect reward centres in the brain should be investigated as possible musical adaptations. It is concluded that the origins of music are complex and probably involved exaptation, cultural creation and evolutionary adaptation.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Auditory Perception in Hearing-Impaired and Normal-Hearing Listeners: An Auditory Scene Analysis Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Bayat ◽  
Mohammad Farhadi ◽  
Akram Pourbakht ◽  
Hamed Sadjedi ◽  
Hesam Emamdjomeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Auditory Scene Analysis ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Scene Analysis ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Auditory Scene

Auditory and Musical Development

2013 ◽  
pp. 309-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel J. Trainor ◽  
Chao He
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Auditory Scene Analysis ◽  
Scene Analysis ◽  
Musical Structure ◽  
Rhythmic Structure ◽  
Musical Development ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Auditory Scene

The development of auditory perception is examined in relation to (1) identity and location of objects (auditory scene analysis) and (2) musical structure and meaning. Behavioral and brain research converges to indicate that some capacity to process the frequency, pitch, intensity, timbre, location, and timing of sounds is present very early in development, although there is a protracted experience-driven period of plasticity, with adult levels of maturity typically not reached until well in to childhood. Young infants are also able to process aspects of musical structure. At the same time, enculturation to the specific melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic structure of the musical system of a person’s culture depends on the considerable exposure to that musical system experienced by all members of the culture, and intensive musical training affects the speed and degree of that enculturation.

The Cultural Connection

Voice Leading ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Huron
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Auditory Scene Analysis ◽  
Scene Analysis ◽  
Individual Experience ◽  
Voice Leading ◽  
Innate Behavior ◽  
Auditory Scene ◽  
Sonic Environment ◽  
Auditory Scenes

The disposition to parse auditory scenes is probably an evolved innate behavior. However, the means by which this is achieved likely involves a mix of innate and learned mechanisms. This chapter reviews research showing how the sonic environment plays a formative role in various aspects of auditory processing. What we commonly hear shapes how we hear sounds. For example, research shows that how musicians hear pitch is affected by what instrument they play. Even the language you speak has an impact on how you hear. It is wrong to assume that everyone parses an acoustic scene in the same way. In general, the research suggests that cultural background and individual experience may be directly relevant to our understanding of auditory scene analysis, and hence to voice leading.

scholarly journals Three Questions Concerning Consonance Perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-339
Author(s):  
Peter M. C. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Auditory Scene Analysis ◽  
Scene Analysis ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Auditory Scene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Shed Light

I discuss three fundamental questions underpinning the study of consonance: 1) What features cause a particular chord to be perceived as consonant? 2) How did humans evolve the ability to perceive these features? 3) Why did humans evolve to attribute particular aesthetic valences to these features (if they did at all)? The first question has been addressed by several recent articles, including Friedman, Kowalewski, Vuvan, and Neill (2021), with the common conclusion that consonance in Western listeners is driven by multiple features such as harmonicity, interference between partials, and familiarity. On this basis, it seems relatively straightforward to answer the second question: each of these consonance features seems to be grounded in fundamental aspects of human auditory perception, such as auditory scene analysis and auditory long-term memory. However, the third question is harder to resolve. I describe several potential answers, and argue that the present evidence is insufficient to distinguish between them, despite what has been claimed in the literature. I conclude by discussing what kinds of future studies might be able to shed light on this problem.

Attention effects on auditory scene analysis: insights from event-related brain potentials

2014 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Isabel Spielmann ◽  
Erich Schröger ◽  
Sonja A. Kotz ◽  
Alexandra Bendixen
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Scene Analysis ◽  
Scene Analysis ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Auditory Scene
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